Njengoba izindinganiso ezikhishwa yizimboni ziqina emhlabeni wonke, o-opharetha babhekana nombuzo onzima kakhulu: ubonisa kanjani ukuthi isitshalo sakho sihlala sihambisana nokuthobela lapho imikhawulo evunyelwe icishe iphansi ngendlela engabonakali? Impendulo ithi
ukukhishwa kwe-ultra-low okuqhubekayo kokuqapha igesi ewuketshezi — ubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukukhishwa kwezitaki ngokunembile, ngokuqhubekayo, futhi eduze nesikhathi sangempela.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yikuphi ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwegesi ekhishwayo ephezulu kakhulu, kungani kubalulekile, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuthunyelwa isistimu.
Kuyini Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo Kwegesi Ye-Ultra-Low Emissions?
Ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhishwayo ephansi kakhulu kubhekisela esilinganisweni esiqhubekayo sokugxila kokungcoliswa kwegesi ephuma ezitaki zezimboni, amabhayela, nezinqubo zokuvutha, ezibalweni zokuhlushwa eziphansi kakhulu ezidingwa yimithetho yesimanje yezemvelo.
Igama elithi "i-ultra-low emissions" lichaza amazinga aqinile okungcola - ngokuvamile ezingxenyeni ezinedijithi eyodwa esigidini ngasinye (ppm) noma izingxenye ngebhiliyoni ngayinye (ppb) - izitshalo emazweni amaningi okumele zihlangane nazo. Ukulinganisa ngokunembile kulokhu kugxila okuphansi kudinga okungaphezu kokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo; kudinga ozinikele i-continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) yakhelwe ngokuzwela okwanele, ukuzinza, nokulungiswa kweziphazamiso.
Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, isistimu isampula igesi ephuma kustaki, ikala ukungcola okuyinhloko ngokuqhubekayo, irekhoda idatha, futhi ngokuvamile iyithumele kubalawuli noma igumbi lokulawula ukuze kubikwe ukuthobelana.
Kungani I-Ultra-Low Emissions Monitoring Matters
Kukhona abashayeli ababili abakhulu ngemuva kwesidingo esikhulayo salobu buchwepheshe:
- Ukuthobela imithetho. Izifunda eziningi zethule imikhawulo eqinile yokukhipha i-nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-sulphur dioxide (SO2), i-particulate matter, ne-carbon monoxide. Ama-opharetha kufanele abonise ukuthobela imithetho ngesilinganiso esithembekile, esiqhubekayo — hhayi amasampula okwenziwa ngesandla esisodwa.
- Isibopho sezemvelo kanye nesithunzi. Ukuqapha okunembayo kusekela ukulawulwa okungcono komlilo, ukusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli, kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile okubonakalayo, okubalulekile emiphakathini, amakhasimende, nakubatshalizimali ngokufanayo.
Ngaphandle kokuthobela, idatha yokuqapha eqhubekayo isiza onjiniyela bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle komlilo, babone amaphutha kusenesikhathi, futhi behlise izindleko zokusebenza.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Ultra-Low Emissions Continuous Flue Gas Monitoring?
Uhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuqapha igesi ephuma ku-flue lwakhiwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa ezihlanganisiwe:
| Isakhi | Iqhaza |
| Isistimu yokusampula | Ikhipha isampula yegesi emele esitaki futhi iyibeke esimweni (ukuhlunga, ukomisa, ukulawula izinga lokushisa). |
| Abahlaziyi begesi | Linganisa ukugxila kokungcolisa usebenzisa izimiso zokulinganisa ezizinikele. |
| Isistimu yokutholwa kwedatha | Irekhoda ukufundwa, ibala ama-avareji nesamba esikhishwayo, futhi igcina idatha ukuze kubikwe. |
| Ukulinganisa / ukuqinisekiswa | Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kukaziro nokwe-span kuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlaziyi bahlala benembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
Izindlela ezimbili zamasampula ezibanzi zijwayelekile:
- Ukuqapha okukhiphayo (in-situ noma dilution). - isampuli ithathwa esitakini bese ithuthelwa kumhlaziyi ukuze ilinganiswe. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugxilisa okuphansi kakhulu ngoba kuvumela ukumisa nokulinganiswa ngokucophelela.
- Ukuqapha kwe-in-situ / cross-duct - abahlaziyi bakala ngokuqondile ngaphakathi noma ngaphesheya kwesitaki, ngokuvamile basebenzisa izindlela zokubona. Lokhu kunikeza impendulo esheshayo ngokuphathwa kwesampula okuncane.
Okukhethwa kukho kuncike ohlotsheni lwegesi, ububanzi bokugxila, izimo zestaki, nendawo yokunakekela endaweni ngayinye.
Yiziphi Izinto Ezingcolisayo Ezilinganiswayo?
Isistimu yokuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-ultra-low ngokuvamile ilandelela amapharamitha angukhiye ambalwa:
| Ipharamitha | Kungani igadwa |
| I-NOx (i-nitrogen oxides) | Isingcolisi sentuthu esilawulwayo esiyinhloko nesinikela emvuleni yentuthu ne-asidi. |
| I-SO2 (i-sulfur dioxide) | Ikhishwa ezintweni zokubasa ezinesulfure; kulawulwa ngokuqinile ezimbonini eziningi. |
| I-CO (i-carbon monoxide) | Inkomba yokuvutha okungaphelele kanye nomaka wokuphepha nokusebenza kahle. |
| I-particle / dust | Izinhlayiya eziqinile ku-flue gas; ngaphansi kwemikhawulo eqinile yokugxilisa isisindo. |
| I-O2 (i-oxygen) | Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukufundwa nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle komlilo. |
| CO2 | Iya ngokuya ifaneleka ekubalweni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle. |
Uhlu oluthile lwamapharamitha alawulwayo luyahlukahluka ngezwe, uhlobo lukaphethiloli, nomkhakha wemboni, ngakho izidingo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokumelene nemithethonqubo esebenzayo yendawo ekufakweni ngakunye.
I-Measurement Technologies ye-Ultra-Low Concentrations
Ukufinyelela ukufundwa okuthembekile ekugxilweni okuphansi kakhulu kudinga abahlaziyi abanokuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphambene okuphansi. Amasu ajwayelekile afaka:
- I-non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) - isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulinganisweni kwe-CO, CO2, kanye ne-SO2.
- I-Chemiluminescence - indlela ejwayelekile ye-NOx ekugxilweni okuphansi.
- I-UV / DOAS (i-spectroscopy yokumuncwa okuhlukile) - iyasebenza ezingeni eliphansi le-NOx, i-SO2, namanye amagesi anamabhendi okumunca ama-UV.
- Abahlaziyi be-Laser-based (TDLAS). - nikeza impendulo esheshayo kanye nokukhukhuleka okuncane, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukugxila okuphansi.
- I-Beta-ray noma i-triboelectric dust metres - kuvame ukubhekwa ngokuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiyana.
Ubuchwepheshe obufanele buncike kugesi eqondiwe, ibanga elilindelekile lokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhona ku-matrix yegesi ye-flue ethile.
Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Lapho Ukhipha Isistimu
Ukufaka uhlelo lokuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-ultra-low kuhilela okungaphezu kokuthenga isihlaziyi. Ukuze uthole idatha ethembekile, evikelekayo, naka:
- Ukufanisa isihlaziyi nobubanzi. I-analyzer ene-over-range ye-ultra-low concentrations ngeke ikulethe ukunemba okudingayo.
- Ikhwalithi yokumisa isampula. Emazingeni aphansi, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokungcola kusampula kungahlanekezela ukufundwa; isistimu yamasampula eklanywe kahle ibalulekile.
- Ukulawulwa kokuphazanyiswa. Amanye amagesi akhona ku-flue gas angaphazamisa ukulinganisa; khetha abahlaziyi abanokulungiswa kokuphazamiseka okuqinisekisiwe.
- Ukulinganisa okujwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kweqanda okujwayelekile kanye ne-span kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba futhi kuhlangatshezwane nalokho okulindeleke ekucwaningweni.
- Ubuqotho bedatha nokubika. Isistimu yokutholwa kwedatha eqinile iqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi aphelele, anesitembu sesikhathi, futhi alungele ukubuyekezwa kwesilawuli.
Amathiphu Okulungisa Amasistimu Okuqapha Aqhubekayo
- Linganisa abahlaziyi kushejuli edingwa ukusebenza kwakho nomthetho.
- Hlola futhi uhlanze ama-probe amasampula kanye nezihlungi njalo.
- Gada isistimu yokwenza isimo yesampula ukuze uthole ukuvinjelwa noma ukufingqa.
- Landelela i-analyzer drift futhi uphendule lapho isondela ekubekezeleni okwamukelekayo.
- Gcina izipele zezinto ezisebenzisekayo njengezihlungi namagesi okulinganisa esandleni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqapha igesi eliwuketshezi kanye ne-CEMS? Ukuqapha igesi yomkhuhlane kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile wokukala ukukhishwa kwezitaki. I-CEMS (uhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuqapha ukungcola) iwuhlelo oludidiyelwe, oluzenzakalelayo - amasampula, abahlaziyi, kanye nokutholwa kwedatha - elenza lesi silinganiso ngokuqhubekayo ngezinjongo zokuthobela imithetho.
Kungani kunzima kangaka ukukala ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu? Ezimweni eziphansi kakhulu, amasignali mancane, ngakho ukuzwela kokuhlaziya, ukuzinza, kanye nekhono lokulungisa amagesi aphazamisayo kuba bucayi. Idivayisi esebenza kahle ekugxiliseni okuphezulu ingase ingabi nembi ngokwanele kumazinga aphansi kakhulu.
Kufanele ilinganiswe kangaki isistimu yokuqapha igesi ye-flue? Imvamisa yokulinganisa iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngomthetho kanye nokusebenza kwendawo. Amasistimu amaningi asebenzisa i-othomathikhi enguziro kanye nokuhlola kwe-span nsuku zonke futhi enze ukulinganisa okuphelele kushejuli yokulungisa echaziwe. Hlala ulandela izimfuneko zendawo ezisebenzayo.
Ingabe uhlelo olulodwa lungakwazi ukuqapha ukungcola okuningi? Yebo. Amasistimu amaningi wesimanje ahlanganisa abahlaziyi abaningi noma abahlaziyi begesi eminingi ukuze balinganise imingcele eminingana (njenge-NOx, SO2, CO, ne-O2) kusukela kusampula efanayo yokusakaza.
Khetha Uzakwethu Olungile Wokuqapha Okuqhubekayo Kwegesi ye-Flue
Ukukhetha isistimu yokuqapha igesi ephumayo esezingeni eliphansi efanele imayelana nokufanisa isihlaziyi esifanele kanye nokulungiselelwa kwesampula kunqubo yakho ethile, izimo zesitaki, kanye nezidingo zokulawula. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenza nomhlinzeki oqonda ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa futhi ongakusiza ukuklama isistimu eletha idatha enembile, evikelekayo.
Ngo
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