Mafakitale aliwonse omwe amawotcha mafuta kapena kukonza zinthu amatumiza mpweya wambiri. Kudziwa ndendende zomwe zili mu gasi wotopawo - komanso kuchuluka kwake komwe kumachoka pamalopo - sikulinso mwayi pamakampani amakono. Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa mpweya ndiukadaulo womwe umapereka yankho lokha, nthawi zonse, ndipo wakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zachilengedwe zamakampani.
M'nkhaniyi, tikufotokoza zomwe kuwunika kosalekeza kwa utsi ndi chiyani, chifukwa chiyani mafakitale amafunikira, momwe a
Continuous Emission monitoring System (CEMS) ntchito, zomwe zimaipitsa zomwe zimatha kuyeza, ndi zomwe ogula zida zowunikira mosalekeza za mpweya wa flue ayenera kuunika asanasankhe zogula.
Kodi Kuwunika Kopitirizabe Kutuluka M'mawu Osavuta Ndi Chiyani?
Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) ndiye muyeso wokhazikika, weniweni wa nthawi yeniyeni wa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wotuluka kuchokera mulu wa mafakitale kapena chitoliro. Mosiyana ndi kuyesa kwapamanja kwanthawi ndi nthawi, komwe kumapereka chithunzi chachidule cha mpweya, CEMS imayesa ndikulemba kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa mosalekeza - nthawi zambiri masekondi kapena mphindi zingapo zilizonse - ndikuzinena m'mayunitsi ofunikira ndi oyang'anira zachilengedwe, monga mg/m³, ppm, kapena kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa ngati kg/h kapena matani pachaka.
Njira yowunikira mosalekeza yopitilira muyeso si chida chimodzi. Ndi msonkhano wophatikizika womwe umaphatikizapo:
- zigawo zotulutsa ndi zowongolera (zosefera, zosefera, zoziziritsa kukhosi, mapampu);
- zowunikira gasi zowononga mpweya;
- kuyang'anira zinthu ngati kuli kofunikira;
- zoyendera, kutentha, kuthamanga ndi chinyezi;
- njira yopezera deta ndi kusamalira (DAHS) yomwe imatsimikizira deta, kuwerengera ma avareji ndi kupanga malipoti olamulira.
Cholinga cha CEMS ndi chosavuta: kupereka umboni wolondola, wodalirika, wanthawi zonse wa zomwe malo akutulutsa, kuti ogwiritsira ntchito athe kukhalabe m'malire ovomerezeka ndi kukhathamiritsa njira zawo nthawi imodzi.
Chifukwa Chake Kuwunika kwa Emission Monitoring Kufunika
Kutsata malamulo. M'madera ambiri otukuka, malo akuluakulu osasunthika amafunidwa ndi lamulo kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zowunikira mosalekeza. Ku United States, malamulo a EPA omwe ali pansi pa 40 CFR Part 60 amafuna CEMS kumalo ambiri omwe akhudzidwa, pomwe Gawo 75 limafotokoza zofunikira zowunikira, kutsimikizira ndi kupereka malipoti za SO₂, NOₓ, CO₂, O₂, kuwala, kuyenda ndi chinyezi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapologalamu ogulitsa utsi. Mu European Union, Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) imafuna kuti ogwiritsira ntchito zomera zazikulu zoyaka moto ndi makhazikitsidwe ena aziyang’anira mmene mpweya umatulutsa, ndipo EN 14181 imapereka ndondomeko yotsimikizira za khalidwe la CEMS — kuyambira pakuyenerera kwa zida (QAL1) ndi kulinganiza kwa in-situ motsutsana ndi njira zolozera (QAL2) kuwongolera mayendedwe apachaka (QAL3) kuwongolera mayendedwe apachaka (QAL3). Ku China, miyezo yapadziko lonse HJ 75-2017 ndi HJ 76-2017 imatanthauzira zofunikira zaukadaulo, kuyika, ndi njira zoyesera za gasi wa flue CEMS kuyeza SO₂, NOₓ ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili pamalo osakhazikika.
Malipoti owonetsa zotulutsa. Madera ambiri amasindikiza zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito potsata zilolezo, malonda otulutsa mpweya komanso kuwerengera kaboni. Kudalirika kwa deta kumadalira kwathunthu kudalirika kwa njira yowunikira kumbuyo kwake.
Kugwira ntchito moyenera. CEMS yokonzedwa bwino imachita zambiri kuposa kukhutiritsa owongolera. Kuwerengera kwa oxygen ndi carbon monoxide kumawonetsa kuyaka bwino; mayendedwe olakwika amatha kuwonetsa chowotcha chomwe sichikuyenda bwino, chowotchera chomwe chikuchucha kapena chowonjezera chowonjezera. Malo omwe amayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse amapeza kuti deta yabwino imatanthawuza kuchepa kwa mafuta owonongeka komanso kusokonezeka kwa ndondomeko.
Kuyankha pagulu. Deta yolondola, yosalekeza imapatsa anthu madera, owerengera ndalama ndi makasitomala chidaliro chakuti chomera chikukwaniritsa malonjezo ake azachilengedwe.
Kodi Dongosolo Lopitirizabe Loyang'anira Emission Limagwira Ntchito Motani?
Ngakhale mapangidwe amasiyanasiyana, mpweya wambiri wa CEMS umatsatira njira yomweyo:
- Chitsanzo m'zigawo. Kafufuzidwe kotenthetsera kamatulutsa chitsanzo cha gasi woyimilira pa muluwo. Machitidwe owonjezera amakoka chitsanzo kuchokera mumtsinje kuti awunike; in-situ analyzers kuyeza molunjika pa stack.
- Sample conditioning. Mpweya wotentha, wonyowa, wodzaza fumbi uyenera kutsukidwa ndikuwumitsidwa usanafike poyesa molondola. Mu njira yowuma yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chitsanzocho chimazizidwa kuti chinyontho chituluke, kuteteza zowunikira ndikupanga miyeso yowuma yomwe owongolera amafuna nthawi zambiri.
- Kusanthula. Owunika gasi amayezera kuchuluka kwa gawo lililonse lomwe mukufuna, pomwe oyang'anira odzipatulira amayesa zinthu, kuthamanga kwamayendedwe ndi magawo ena.
- Kupeza deta ndi kusamalira. DAHS imasonkhanitsa ma sigino aiwisi, kuwatsimikizira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma calibrations, kuwerengera ma avareji ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwachulukidwe, ndikusintha zidziwitso kuti zitumizidwe kwa wowongolera.
- Calibration ndi chitsimikizo chaubwino. Machitidwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi ziro ndi mpweya wotalikirapo pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amawunikidwa motsutsana ndi njira zodziyimira pawokha malinga ndi mulingo womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (monga EN 14181 ku Europe kapena mayeso a magwiridwe antchito ofotokozedwa mu Chinese HJ 76-2017).
Kodi CEMS Ingayese Zotani Zoipitsa?
CEMS yamakono imatha kuyang'anira magawo osiyanasiyana a gasi, kuphatikiza:
- Ma nitrogen oxides (NOₓ, mwachitsanzo, NO ndi NO₂)
- Mpweya wa carbon monoxide (CO) ndi carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu / fumbi
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Ammonia slip (NH₃) kuchokera ku machitidwe a SCR/SNCR de-NOₓ
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl) ndi mpweya wina wa asidi
- Mercury ndi zitsulo zina zowunikira muzogwiritsa ntchito zina
- Kuyenda kwa gasi wa flue, kutentha, kupanikizika ndi chinyezi - ndizofunikira kuti musinthe kuchulukana kwamafuta ambiri
Measurement Technologies Kumbuyo kwa CEMS
Ukadaulo wa analyzer womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zowunikira mosalekeza za mpweya wa flue umasiyana ndi zoipitsa, kuchuluka kwa ndende komanso kugwiritsa ntchito:
- Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzers ndi ma workhorse a CO, CO₂, SO₂ ndi NO mu gasi woyaka moto.
- Chemiluminescence analyzers perekani muyeso wolondola wapakatikati wa NOₓ, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ndi zoyatsira zinyalala.
- Kuzindikira kwa ionization yamoto (FID) kuyeza ma VOC okwana, kuphatikiza ma methane ndi ma hydrocarbon omwe si a methane.
- Ma sensor a paramagnetic ndi zirconia kuyeza mpweya wabwino kwambiri.
- Tunable diode laser mayamwidwe spectroscopy (TDLAS) imapereka mu-situ, muyeso woyankhidwa mwachangu ndi kutengeka kochepa kwa mpweya monga NH₃, HCl ndi O₂.
- UV / DOAS ndi njira za FTIR amatha kuyeza magawo angapo a gasi nthawi imodzi.
- Beta-ray attenuation ndi zowunikira kuwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Chisankho choyenera chimadalira mtundu wa gasi wa flue - kutentha, chinyezi, kutulutsa fumbi ndi kuwononga - komanso momwe amayezera (monyowa kapena owuma) komanso kuchuluka kwa chidwi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake uinjiniya waukadaulo umafunikanso ngati zida zomwezo.
Momwe Mungasankhire Zida Zowunika Zomwe Zimatuluka Pamagetsi a Flue
Kusankha zida zoyenera zowunikira mosalekeza za mpweya wa flue ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri. Dongosolo lomwe limalephera kutsimikizira, limasokonekera, kapena limatsika pomwe woyang'anira akufunsa deta akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa zida zomwezo. Ogula akuyenera kuwunika osachepera izi:
- Miyezo yoyezera ndi milingo yoyenera. Yambirani pa malire omwe amachokera kudera lanu komanso momwe mungayang'anire zomwe malo anu ayenera kukwaniritsa - magawo, miyeso ndi zofunikira za kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndizo zizikhala patsogolo, osati kalozera wa zida.
- Muyeso mfundo zoyenera. Fumbi lambiri, chinyezi chambiri, mpweya wowononga kapena wotentha kwambiri umafuna dongosolo (kuphatikiza zowongolera) zopangidwira chilengedwe chimenecho. Njira zopangira zoziziritsa kuzizira, mwachitsanzo, ndi chisankho chotsimikizika chowunikira SO₂/NOₓ pama boiler oyaka ndi mafakitale.
- Zolondola, zobwerezabwereza komanso malire ozindikira. Tsimikizirani kuti osanthula amatha kuyeza magawo omwe mukuyembekezeka kukhala olondola komanso okhazikika.
- Zitsimikizo ndi umboni wotsatira. Yang'anani ziphaso za opanga monga ISO 9001 kasamalidwe kabwino, ISO 14001 kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe, ndi ziphaso zazinthu monga CCEP (China Environmental Protection Product Certification) ngati kuli koyenera, ndipo funsani umboni wotsatira wa msika womwe mukufuna.
- Kudalirika ndi kusakhazikika. Ganizirani za nthawi yayitali pakati pa kulephera, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira, ndi momwe dongosololi liri losavuta kusunga m'munda.
- Kusamalira deta ndi kupereka malipoti. DAHS iyenera kusamalira kutsimikizika kwa data, ma avareji, kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso mawonekedwe a lipoti omwe woyang'anira wanu amayembekezera.
- Thandizo la wopanga. Kutumiza, kuphunzitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza ntchito, komanso chithandizo chomvera pambuyo pa malonda chimatsimikizira nthawi yeniyeni yapadziko lapansi. Wopanga ndi gulu la uinjiniya ndi foni yam'manja ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa bokosi lotsika mtengo pang'ono.
- Ndalama zonse za umwini. Fananizani mtengo wamoyo wonse - osati mtengo wogulira - kuphatikiza zogulira, kukonza, kuyesa ziphaso ndi nthawi yopumira.
Chifukwa Chothandizana Ndi Wopanga CEMS Wodziwa
Kuwunika mosalekeza kutulutsa mpweya ndikudzipereka kwanthawi yayitali, osati kugula kamodzi. Zidazi zidzatha zaka zambiri m'malo ovuta, ndipo deta yake idzayang'aniridwa ndi olamulira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake eni ake ambiri amasankha kugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi wopanga yemwe ali ndi luso lake lofufuza, chitukuko ndi kupanga.
Shandong SINZEN Instrument Co., Ltd., yomwe ili ku Jinan, m'chigawo cha Shandong, ndi bizinesi yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito pa kafukufuku, chitukuko, kupanga, kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa pambuyo pa malonda a machitidwe owunika zachilengedwe pa intaneti, owunikira gasi ndi machitidwe owunikira. Zogulitsa za SINZEN zikuphatikiza CEMS kutengera njira yowuma yowuma, gasi wowonjezera kutentha (CO₂) pa intaneti mosalekeza, zida zowunikira ammonia, zowunikira zophatikizika, zowunikira mosalekeza za VOCs, ndi makina owunikira gasi wamafakitale amakampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo. Kampaniyo ili ndi ISO 9001, ISO 14001 ndi ISO 45001 management-system certification, komanso CCEP China Environmental Protection Product Certification ndi CES China Environmental Service Certification, ndipo ndi membala wa China Environmental Protection Industry Association. Mayankho ake amathandizira kuyang'anira chilengedwe, kulekanitsa mphamvu zatsopano ndi mpweya, kuwongolera njira ndi chitetezo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Mapeto
Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyang'anira zinthu ikhale yothandiza: zolondola, nthawi ndi nthawi zimathandizira kuti chomera chikhale chogwirizana, chogwira ntchito komanso chodalirika. Chinsinsi cha kupambana ndikusankha zida zowunikira mosalekeza za mpweya wa flue zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchitoyo, zimakwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo zimathandizidwa ndi wopanga yemwe adzayime kumbuyo kwake kwa moyo wonse wadongosolo.
Ngati mukukonzekera polojekiti yatsopano yowunikira kapena kukweza makina omwe alipo, mainjiniya athu atha kukuthandizani kufotokozera magawo, kusankha zida zoyenera, ndikukonzekera kutsatira. Lumikizanani ndi SINZEN kuti mukambirane zomwe mukufuna -
tiuzeni pakusankha zida ndi kufunsira kwaukadaulo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi CEMS imayimira chiyani?
CEMS imayimira njira yowunikira mosalekeza - njira yophatikizika yomwe imadziyesa yokha ndikulemba utsi woyipa kuchokera m'mafakitale kapena flue.
Kodi CEMS ndiyovomerezeka?
M'madera ambiri, magwero akuluakulu osasunthika monga magetsi, ma boiler akuluakulu, ng'anjo za simenti, zoyatsira zinyalala ndi ng'anjo zazikulu zamafakitale amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito CEMS pakadutsa malire. Zofunikira zenizeni zimatengera malamulo am'deralo ndi mtundu wa malo.
Kodi CEMS imayezera mipweya yanji?
Magawo odziwika kwambiri ndi SO₂, NOₓ, CO, CO₂, O₂ ndi ma particulate matter, okhala ndi VOCs, NH₃, HCl, mercury and flow miyeso yowonjezedwa molingana ndi njira ndi zowongolera.
Kodi CEMS imayenera kuyesedwa kangati?
Kuwunika kwa ziro ndi kutalika kumachitika pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, tsiku lililonse mpaka mlungu uliwonse malinga ndi muyezo), pomwe kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa in-situ motsutsana ndi njira zolozera kumatsata ndondomeko yofotokozedwa ndi mulingo wotsimikizira zaubwino womwe ulipo.
