Buri ruganda rutwika lisansi cyangwa rutunganya ibikoresho rwohereza imyuka hejuru. Kumenya neza ibiri muri iyo gaz ya flue - nubunini bwayo biva mu gihingwa - ntibikiri ngombwa ku nganda zigezweho. Gukomeza gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ni tekinoroji itanga iki gisubizo mu buryo bwikora, ku isaha, kandi yabaye kimwe mu bikoresho byingenzi mu micungire y’ibidukikije mu nganda.
Muri iyi ngingo, turasobanura icyo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya aribyo, impamvu inganda zibikeneye, uburyo a
sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (CEMS) ikora, ihumanya irashobora gupima, nicyo abaguzi ibikoresho bikurikirana bikurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere bagomba gusuzuma mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyamasoko.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukomeza gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu magambo yoroshye?
Gukomeza gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (CEM) nigipimo cyikora, mugihe nyacyo cyo gupima imyuka ihumanya muri gaze ya gaze isohoka mu nganda cyangwa flue. Bitandukanye no gupima intoki buri gihe, ifata ishusho ngufi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, CEMS ifata kandi ikandika urugero rw’umwanda uhoraho - mubisanzwe buri masegonda make cyangwa iminota - kandi ikabimenyesha mubice bisabwa n’ubuyobozi bw’ibidukikije bwaho, nka mg / m³, ppm, cyangwa igipimo cy’ibyuka bihumanya nka kg / h cyangwa toni ku mwaka.
Sisitemu yuzuye yo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ntabwo igikoresho kimwe. Ninteko ihuriweho hamwe ikubiyemo:
- icyitegererezo cyo gukuramo no gutondekanya ibice (probe, muyungurura, gukonjesha, pompe);
- isesengura rya gaze kubihumanya imyuka;
- kugenzura ibintu bikurikirana aho bikenewe;
- imigezi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko nubushuhe;
- sisitemu yo kubona amakuru no gufata neza (DAHS) yemeza amakuru, ibara impuzandengo kandi itanga raporo zubuyobozi.
Intego ya CEMS iroroshye: gutanga ibimenyetso nyabyo, birengera, amasaha yose yerekana icyo ikigo gisohora, bityo abashoramari barashobora kuguma mumipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya kandi bagahindura inzira zabo icyarimwe.
Kuki Gukurikirana Ibyuka Bikomeza
Kubahiriza amabwiriza. Mu turere twinshi twateye imbere mu nganda, amasoko manini ahagarara asabwa n amategeko gukora ibikoresho bikurikirana byoherezwa mu kirere. Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, amabwiriza ya EPA munsi ya 40 CFR Igice ca 60 arasaba CEMS kumasoko menshi ahagarara, mugihe igice cya 75 kigaragaza ibisabwa, kugenzura, gutanga ibyemezo no gutanga raporo kuri SO₂, NOₓ, CO₂, O₂, ububobere, imigezi nubushuhe bukoreshwa muri gahunda zubucuruzi bwangiza. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Amabwiriza y’ibyuka byoherezwa mu nganda (2010/75 / EU) arasaba abakora inganda nini zitwikwa n’ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo bakurikirane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi EN 14181 itanga uburyo bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa CEMS - uhereye ku bikoresho bikoreshwa (QAL1) no mu gihe cyo kugenzura uburyo bukoreshwa (QAL2) kugeza kugenzura buri gihe (QAL3) no gupima buri mwaka (AST). Mu Bushinwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu HJ 75-2017 na HJ 76-2017 bisobanura ibisabwa bya tekiniki, kwishyiriraho, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima gaz flux CEMS ipima SO₂, NOₓ hamwe nuduce duto duhereye aho bihagaze.
Raporo y’ibyuka bihumanya. Inkiko nyinshi zitangaza amakuru yakurikiranwe cyangwa akayakoresha mu kubahiriza uruhushya, gucuruza ibyuka bihumanya no kubara karubone. Kwizerwa kwamakuru biterwa rwose nubwizerwe bwa sisitemu yo gukurikirana inyuma yayo.
Gukora neza. CEMS igizwe neza ntabwo ikora ibirenze guhaza abagenzuzi. Oxygene na carbone monoxide yasomye byerekana gutwika neza; ibintu bidasanzwe birashobora kwerekana umuriro wananiranye, guhinduranya ubushyuhe cyangwa reagent irenze urugero. Ibikoresho bikurikirana ubudahwema gusanga amakuru meza asobanura lisansi nke yatakaye hamwe nibikorwa bike.
Kubazwa ibya rubanda. Amakuru yukuri, ahoraho aha abaturage, abagenzuzi nabakiriya icyizere ko uruganda rwujuje ibyo rwiyemeje kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Nigute Sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikora?
Nubwo ibishushanyo bitandukanye, gazi nyinshi ya CEMS ikurikiza urunigi rumwe:
- Gukuramo icyitegererezo. Ubushakashatsi bushyushye bukuramo gaze ihagarariye icyitegererezo. Sisitemu ikuramo ikuramo icyitegererezo mu muyoboro wo gusesengura; abasesengura-in-situ bapima neza murwego.
- Icyitegererezo. Gazi ishyushye, itose, yuzuye ivumbi igomba guhanagurwa no gukama mbere yuko igera kubasesengura neza. Muburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwubukonje bwumye, icyitegererezo kirakonjeshwa kugirango ubuhehere bugabanuke, burinde abasesengura kandi butange igipimo cyumye-cyuma abashinzwe umutekano bakeneye.
- Isesengura. Abasesengura gazi bapima ubunini bwa buri kintu kigenewe intego, mugihe abagenzuzi babigenewe bapima ibintu bito, umuvuduko w umuvuduko nibindi bipimo.
- Kubona amakuru no kuyakoresha. DAHS ikusanya ibimenyetso bibisi, ikabyemeza, ikoresha kalibrasi, ibara impuzandengo n’ibipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikanashyiraho amakuru yo gushyikiriza umuyobozi.
- Calibration hamwe nubwishingizi bufite ireme. Sisitemu igenzurwa na zeru hamwe na gaze ya span buri gihe, kandi igahinduka mugihe kijyanye nuburyo bwigenga bukurikije amahame akurikizwa (nka EN 14181 i Burayi cyangwa ibizamini byakozwe byasobanuwe mubushinwa HJ 76-2017).
Nibihe bihumanya CEMS ishobora gupima?
CEMS igezweho irashobora gukurikirana ibintu byinshi bya gaz ya flue, harimo:
- Okiside ya azote (NOₓ, ni ukuvuga OYA na NO₂)
- Umwuka wa karubone (CO) na karuboni ya dioxyde (CO₂)
- Kugaragaza ibintu / kwibanda ku mukungugu
- Ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC)
- Kunyerera kwa Amoniya (NH₃) biva muri sisitemu ya SCR / SNCR de-NOₓ
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl) hamwe nindi myuka ya aside
- Mercure hamwe nibindi byuma byerekana mubisabwa byihariye
- Umwuka wa gazi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko nubushuhe - nibyingenzi kugirango uhindure ingufu mubipimo byangiza ikirere
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima Inyuma ya CEMS
Tekinoroji yisesengura ikoreshwa mubikoresho bikurikirana byo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitandukana bitewe n’imyanda ihumanya, urugero hamwe n’ibisabwa:
- Abadasesengura infragre (NDIR) ni amazu akoreramo ya CO, CO₂, SO₂ na OYA muri gaz yaka umuriro.
- Abasesengura Chemiluminescence tanga ibipimo nyabyo byo hasi ya NOₓ, bikunze gukoreshwa kumashanyarazi no gutwika imyanda.
- Ikimenyetso cya flame ionisation (FID) apima VOC zose, zirimo metani na hydrocarbone itari metani.
- Ibyuma bya paramagnetic na zirconia bapima ogisijeni hamwe no guhagarara neza.
- Guhindura diode laser yo kwinjiza spekitroscopi (TDLAS) itanga in-situ, yihuta-gusubiza ibipimo hamwe na drift ya gaze nka NH₃, HCl na O₂.
- Ubuhanga bwa UV / DOAS na FTIR irashobora gupima ibice byinshi bya gaze icyarimwe.
- Ikurikiranwa rya Beta-ray hamwe na monitor ikwirakwiza urumuri zikoreshwa cyane kubintu bito.
Guhitamo neza biterwa na matrise ya gaz - ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, gupakira ivumbi no kwangirika - kimwe nifatizo ryo gupima ibipimo (bitose cyangwa byumye) hamwe ninyungu yibitekerezo. Niyo mpanvu ubuhanga bwubuhanga bukoreshwa nkibikoresho ubwabyo.
Nigute wahitamo ibikoresho bikurikirana byo gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bikurikirana byo gukurikirana imyuka ya gaze ni icyemezo gikomeye cyumushinga. Sisitemu yananiwe kwemeza, ikava mubisobanuro, cyangwa ikamanuka mugihe umugenzuzi abajije amakuru ashobora kuba ahenze cyane kuruta ibikoresho ubwabyo. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma byibuze ibi bikurikira:
- Ibipimo byapimwe nibipimo bikurikizwa. Tangirira kumipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ikigo cyawe kigomba kuba cyujuje - ibipimo, ibipimo byo gupima nibisabwa biza imbere, ntabwo ari urutonde rwibikoresho.
- Ihame ryo gupima rihuye. Umukungugu mwinshi, ubuhehere bwinshi, ruswa cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gazi isaba sisitemu (harimo nicyitegererezo) ikorerwa kubidukikije. Uburyo bukonje bwuburyo bukurura sisitemu, kurugero, ni amahitamo agaragara yo kugenzura SO₂ / NOₓ kugenzura amakara akoreshwa n’inganda.
- Imipaka yukuri, gusubiramo no kumenya imipaka. Menya neza ko abasesengura bashobora gupima ibyo utegerejweho hamwe nibisobanuro bihagije kandi bihamye.
- Impamyabumenyi n'ibimenyetso byubahirizwa. Shakisha ibyemezo byabashinzwe gukora nka ISO 9001 gucunga ubuziranenge, ISO 14001 gucunga ibidukikije, hamwe nicyemezo cyibicuruzwa nka CCEP (Ubushinwa bwo Kurengera Ibidukikije Ibidukikije) aho bibaye ngombwa, hanyuma ubaze ibimenyetso byujuje ibyangombwa ku isoko ugamije.
- Kwizerwa no gukomeza. Reba igihe kiri hagati yo kunanirwa, kuboneka ibice byabigenewe, nuburyo sisitemu yoroshye kubungabunga mumurima.
- Gukoresha amakuru no gutanga raporo. DAHS igomba gukora amakuru yemewe, impuzandengo, kubara-igipimo cy’ibisohoka hamwe na raporo imiterere umuyobozi wawe ategereje.
- Inkunga y'abakora. Gukoresha, guhugura, gukora no kubungabunga serivisi, hamwe no gusubiza nyuma yo kugurisha bigena igihe nyacyo cyisi. Uruganda rufite itsinda ryubwubatsi hamwe numurongo wa serivise ufite agaciro karenze agasanduku gahendutse.
- Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite. Gereranya ibiciro byubuzima bwuzuye - ntabwo ari igiciro cyubuguzi gusa - harimo ibikoreshwa, kubungabunga, gupima ibyemezo hamwe nigihe gishobora gutaha.
Kuki Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe na CEMS Inararibonye
Gukomeza gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni icyemezo kirekire, ntabwo ari kugura rimwe. Ibikoresho bizamara imyaka mubidukikije bikaze, kandi amakuru yacyo azasuzumwa nababishinzwe. Niyo mpamvu abafite ibihingwa benshi bahitamo gukorana nuwabikoze ufite ubushakashatsi, iterambere nubushobozi bwo gukora.
Shandong SINZEN Instrument Co., Ltd., ifite icyicaro i Jinan, Intara ya Shandong, ni ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye kizobereye mu bushakashatsi, iterambere, umusaruro, kugurisha ndetse na nyuma yo kugurisha serivisi zishinzwe gukurikirana ibidukikije kuri interineti, abasesengura gaze na sisitemu yo gusesengura inzira. Ibicuruzwa bya SINZEN birimo CEMS ishingiye ku buryo bwumye bukonje, gaze ya parike (CO₂) uburyo bwo gukurikirana buri gihe kuri interineti, ibikoresho byo kugenzura amoniya, ibikoresho bikurikirana bikurura ibintu, VOCs ikomeza gukurikirana, hamwe na sisitemu yo gusesengura gaze mu nganda zikora ibyuma n’ibyuma. Isosiyete ifite impamyabumenyi ya ISO 9001, ISO 14001 na ISO 45001, ndetse n’icyemezo cya CCEP cy’Ubushinwa cyo Kurengera Ibidukikije no Kwemeza Serivisi ishinzwe Ibidukikije mu Bushinwa, kandi ni umunyamuryango w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zita ku bidukikije mu Bushinwa. Ibisubizo byayo bifasha gukurikirana ibidukikije, ingufu nshya no gutandukanya ikirere, inzira no kugenzura umutekano, hamwe nogukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Umwanzuro
Gukomeza gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya bihindura inshingano zubuyobozi muburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora: amakuru yukuri, amasaha yose yamakuru atuma igihingwa cyubahiriza, gikora neza kandi cyizewe. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda ni uguhitamo ibikoresho bikurikirana byo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya bihuye nibisabwa, byujuje ubuziranenge bukurikizwa, kandi bigashyigikirwa nuwabikoze uzahagarara inyuma yubuzima bwa sisitemu.
Niba uteganya umushinga mushya wo gukurikirana cyangwa kuzamura sisitemu ihari, injeniyeri zacu zirashobora kugufasha gusobanura ibipimo, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, no kwitegura kubahiriza. Menyesha SINZEN kugirango uganire kubyo usabwa -
twandikire yo guhitamo ibikoresho no kugisha inama tekinike.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
CEMS igereranya iki?
CEMS isobanura uburyo bukomeza bwo gukurikirana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere - sisitemu ihuriweho ihita ipima kandi ikandika ibyuka bihumanya biva mu nganda cyangwa flue.
CEMS ni itegeko?
Mu nkiko nyinshi, amasoko akomeye ahagarara nkamashanyarazi, amashyiga manini, itanura rya sima, gutwika imyanda n’itanura rinini mu nganda birasabwa gukora CEMS mugihe hagaragaye imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya. Ibisabwa byihariye biterwa namategeko yaho nubwoko bwikigo.
Ni izihe myuka CEMS isanzwe ipima?
Ibipimo bikunze kugaragara cyane ni SO₂, NOₓ, CO, CO₂, O₂ hamwe nuduce duto, hamwe na VOCs, NH₃, HCl, mercure hamwe n ibipimo byamazi byongeweho ukurikije inzira nibisabwa n'amategeko.
Ni kangahe CEMS ikenera guhinduka?
Kugenzura inzira ya zeru na span isanzwe ikorwa buri gihe (urugero, burimunsi kugeza buri cyumweru bitewe nibisanzwe), mugihe byuzuye muburyo bwo guhinduranya uburyo bwo gukurikiza bukurikiza ingengabihe isobanurwa nubuziranenge bwubuziranenge.
