Zonke izikhungo zezimboni ezishisa uphethiloli noma ezicubungula izinto zithumela amagesi phezulu. Ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini ekuleyo gas flue - nokuthi ingakanani ishiya isitshalo - akusakhethwa embonini yesimanje. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokukhipha ukungcola ubuchwepheshe obunikeza le mpendulo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ubusuku nemini, futhi sekube elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemvelo kwezimboni.
Kulesi sihloko, sichaza ukuthi kuyini ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-emission, kungani izimboni zikudinga, kanjani a
i-continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) imisebenzi, okuyinto engcolisayo engakwazi ukukukala, nokuthi yini abathengi bemishini eqhubekayo yokuqapha igesi ekhishwayo okufanele bayihlole ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga.
Kuyini Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo Kwemikhiqizo Ngemibandela Elula?
I-Continuous Emission monitoring (CEM) isilinganiso esizenzakalelayo, sesikhathi sangempela sokugxilisa ukungcola kugesi ekhishwayo ephuma esitaki semboni noma umtshingo. Ngokungafani nokuhlola okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okuthwebula isithombe esifushane sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, i-CEMS ikala futhi irekhode amazinga okungcola ngokuqhubekayo - ngokuvamile njalo ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa noma imizuzu - futhi iwabike ngamayunithi adingwa isiphathimandla sendawo sendawo, njenge-mg/m³, ppm, noma amazinga okukhishwa kwesisindo afana ne-kg/h noma amathani ngonyaka.
Isistimu yokuqapha eqhubekayo eqhubekayo ayilona ithuluzi elilodwa. Kuyinhlangano ehlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ehlanganisa:
- isampula yokukhishwa kanye nezingxenye zokubeka isimo (ama-probe, izihlungi, ama-coolers, amaphampu);
- abahlaziyi begesi bezinto ezingcolisa igesi;
- baqaphe izinto ezithile lapho kudingeka khona;
- ukugeleza, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nezinzwa zomswakama;
- uhlelo lokutholwa kwedatha nokusingatha (i-DAHS) oluqinisekisa idatha, olubala ama-avareji futhi lukhiqize imibiko yokulawula.
Injongo ye-CEMS ilula: ukunikeza ubufakazi obunembile, obuvikelekayo, ubusuku nemini bokuthi isikhungo sikhipha ini, ukuze opharetha bahlale ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo esemthethweni yokukhishwa kwegesi futhi bathuthukise izinqubo zabo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kungani Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo Kwezinto Eziphumayo Kubalulekile
Ukuthobela imithetho. Ezifundeni eziningi ezinezimboni, imithombo emikhulu emile idingeka ngokomthetho ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini yokuqapha i-emission eqhubekayo. E-United States, imithetho ye-EPA engaphansi kuka-40 CFR Ingxenye 60 idinga i-CEMS emithonjeni eminingi emile ethintekile, kuyilapho Ingxenye 75 ibeka izimfuneko zokuqapha, izitifiketi nokubika ze-SO₂, NOₓ, CO₂, O₂, ukukhanya, ukugeleza kanye nedatha yomswakama esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuhweba ezikhishwayo. E-European Union, i-Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) idinga ukuthi abaqhubi bezitshalo ezinkulu ezivuthayo nokunye ukufakwa baqaphe ukukhishwa, futhi i-EN 14181 ihlinzeka ngohlaka lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-CEMS — kusukela ekufanelekeni kwethuluzi (QAL1) kanye nokulinganisa okungaphakathi kwendawo ngokumelene nezindlela zereferensi (QAL2) ukuze kulawulwe ukuhlola okujwayelekile (QAL3) nokulawula ukulinganisa konyaka (QAL3). E-China, izindinganiso zikazwelonke HJ 75-2017 kanye ne-HJ 76-2017 zichaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukufakwa, nezindlela zokuhlola ze-flue gas CEMS ekala i-SO₂, NOₓ kanye nodaba oluncane emithonjeni emile.
Ukubika ukukhishwa okusobala. Izifunda eziningi zishicilela idatha ekhishwayo egadiwe noma iyisebenzisele ukuthotshelwa kwezimvume, ukuhweba ngezinto ezikhishwayo nokubalwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuthembeka kwedatha kuncike ngokuphelele ekuthembekeni kwesistimu yokuqapha ngemuva kwayo.
Ukusebenza kahle. I-CEMS emiswe kahle yenza okungaphezu kokwanelisa abalawuli. Ukufundwa kwe-oksijeni ne-carbon monoxide kuveza ukusebenza kahle komlilo; izitayela ezingavamile zingadalula isishisi esihlulekayo, isishintshi sokushisa esivuzayo noma i-reagent enedosi eqile. Izinsiza eziqapha ngokuqhubekayo zivame ukuthola ukuthi idatha engcono isho uphethiloli ongamoshiwe kancane kanye nokucasuka kwezinqubo ezimbalwa.
Ukuziphendulela komphakathi. Idatha enembile, eqhubekayo inika imiphakathi, abacwaningi mabhuku kanye namakhasimende ithemba lokuthi imboni iyahlangabezana nezibopho zayo zemvelo.
Lusebenza Kanjani Uhlelo Oluqhubekayo Lokuqapha I-Emission?
Yize imiklamo ihluka, iningi legesi ye-flue CEMS ilandela uchungechunge olufanayo lokucabanga:
- Ukukhishwa kwesampula. Uphenyo olushisayo lukhipha isampula elimele igesi kusitaki. Amasistimu akhiphayo adonsa isampula egunjini ukuze lihlaziywe; abahlaziyi be-in-situ bakala ngokuqondile kuso sonke isitaki.
- Ukulungiswa kwesampula. Igesi yeflue eshisayo, eswakeme, egcwele uthuli kufanele ihlanzwe futhi yomiswe ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele kubahlaziyi abanembile. Endleleni eyomile ebandayo esetshenziswa kabanzi, isampula liyapholiswa ukuze umswakama ufinyele, kuvikelwe abahlaziyi futhi kukhiqizwe isilinganiso sesisekelo esomile esivame ukudingwa ngabalawuli.
- Ukuhlaziya. Abahlaziyi begesi bakala ukugxila kwengxenye ngayinye eqondiwe, kuyilapho amamonitha azinikele ekala i-particle, isivinini sokugeleza namanye amapharamitha.
- Ukutholwa nokuphathwa kwedatha. I-DAHS iqoqa amasiginali aluhlaza, iwaqinisekise, isebenzise ukulinganisa, ibala ama-avareji namazinga okukhishwa okukhulu, futhi ifomethe idatha ukuze ihanjiswe kusilawuli.
- Ukulinganisa nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Amasistimu aqinisekiswa ngoziro namagesi e-span ngokwendlela evamile, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile akalwa ngokumelene nezindlela zereferensi ezizimele ngokuya ngezinga elisebenzayo (elifana ne-EN 14181 eYurophu noma izivivinyo zokusebenza ezichazwe ngesi-Chinese HJ 76-2017).
Yiziphi Izinto Ezingcolisayo Engakalwa I-CEMS?
I-CEMS yesimanje ingaqapha anhlobonhlobo amapharamitha kagesi we-flue, okuhlanganisa:
- Ama-nitrogen oxide (NOₓ, okungukuthi CHA kanye no-NO₂)
- I-Carbon monoxide (CO) ne-carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- I-particle matter / ukugxila kothuli
- I-Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- I-Amonia slip (NH₃) evela kumasistimu e-SCR/SNCR de-NOₓ
- I-Hydrogen chloride (HCl) namanye amagesi ane-asidi
- I-Mercury nezinye izinsimbi zokulandela umkhondo ezinhlelweni ezithile
- Ukugeleza kwegesi yomkhuhlane, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nomswakama - kubalulekile ekuguquleni ukugxila kube amazinga okukhishwa okukhulu
Ubuchwepheshe Bokulinganisa Ngemuva kwe-CEMS
Ubuchwepheshe be-analyzer obusetshenziswa kumishini eqhubekayo yokuqapha ukukhishwa kwegesi ephumayo buyahlukahluka ngokungcola, uhla lokuhlushwa kanye nokusetshenziswa:
- Abahlaziyi be-non-dispersive infrared (NDIR). zingamahhashi okusebenza e-CO, i-CO₂, i-SO₂ kanye ne-NO egesini yomlilo evuthayo.
- I-Chemiluminescence analyzers hlinzeka ngesilinganiso esinembile sezinga eliphansi le-NOₓ, esivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphehla ugesi nezishisi zikadoti.
- Ukutholwa kwe-ionization yomlilo (FID) ilinganisa ama-VOC esewonke, okuhlanganisa i-methane kanye nama-non-methane hydrocarbons.
- Izinzwa zeParamagnetic ne-zirconia linganisa umoya-mpilo ngokuzinza okuhle kakhulu.
- I-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) inikeza i-in-situ, isilinganiso sokuphendula ngokushesha ngokukhukhuleka okuphansi kwamagesi afana ne-NH₃, HCl ne-O₂.
- UV / DOAS kanye namasu we-FTIR ingakala izingxenye zegesi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ama-Beta-ray attenuation namamonitha ahlakaza ukukhanya zisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-particle.
Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ku-matrix yegesi ephuma ku-flue - izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukulayisha uthuli kanye nokugqwala - kanye nesisekelo sokulinganisa sokulawula (okumanzi noma okomile) kanye nebanga lokugxila lesithakazelo. Kungakho ubunjiniyela bezicelo zobungcweti bubaluleke kakhulu njengamathuluzi uqobo.
Indlela Yokukhetha Izisetshenziswa Eziqhubekayo Zokuqapha Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Yomkhuhlane
Ukukhetha imishini eqhubekayo yokuqapha ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhishwayo kuyisinqumo esibaluleke kakhulu kuphrojekthi. Isistimu ehlulekayo ukuthola isitifiketi, ephuma esimisweni esibekiwe, noma eyehlayo lapho umlawuli ecela idatha ingabiza kakhulu kunemishini ngokwayo. Abathengi kufanele bahlole okungenani lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amapharamitha akaliwe namazinga asebenzayo. Qala ngemikhawulo yendawo kanye nezinga lokuqapha indawo yakho okufanele ihlangabezane nayo - imingcele, isisekelo sokulinganisa kanye nezimfuneko zokusebenza ziza kuqala, hhayi ikhathalogi yezinto zokusebenza.
- Ukufaneleka komgomo wokulinganisa. Uthuli oluphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, igesi ebolayo noma eshisa kakhulu idinga isistimu (okuhlanganisa nesampula yokubeka isimo) eyakhelwe leyo ndawo. Amasistimu okukhipha wendlela eyomile ebandayo, isibonelo, ayinketho efakazelwe yokuqapha kwe-SO₂/NOₓ kumabhayela abaswa amalahle nezimboni.
- Ukunemba, ukuphindaphinda kanye nemikhawulo yokuthola. Qinisekisa ukuthi abahlaziyi bangakwazi ukukala ububanzi bokugxila okulindelekile ngokunemba nokuqina okwanele.
- Izitifiketi nobufakazi bokuhambisana. Bheka izitifiketi zomkhiqizi ezifana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ye-ISO 9001, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kwe-ISO 14001, kanye nezitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezifana ne-CCEP (Isitifiketi Sokuvikeleka Kwemvelo YaseChina) lapho kufanele khona, bese ucela ubufakazi bokuthobelana obubhaliwe bemakethe eqondiwe.
- Ukwethembeka kanye nokugcinwa. Cabangela isikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokuhluleka, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele, nokuthi kulula kangakanani ukunakekela isistimu kumkhakha.
- Ukuphathwa kwedatha nokubika. I-DAHS kufanele isingathe ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha, ama-avareji, izibalo zesilinganiso sokukhishwa kanye namafomethi ombiko alindelwe umlawuli wakho.
- Ukwesekwa komkhiqizi. Ukugunyaza, ukuqeqeshwa, ukusebenza kanye nezinsizakalo zokunakekela, nokusekelwa okusabelayo kwangemva kokuthengisa kunquma isikhathi somhlaba sangempela. Umkhiqizi onethimba lonjiniyela kanye nenombolo yocingo yesevisi ibaluleke kakhulu kunebhokisi elishibhe kancane.
- Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Qhathanisa izindleko ezigcwele zomjikelezo wempilo - hhayi nje inani lokuthenga - okuhlanganisa okusebenzisekayo, ukunakekelwa, ukuhlolwa kwezitifiketi kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula esingaba khona.
Kungani Uzakwethu Nomkhiqizi We-CEMS Onolwazi
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokukhipha ukungcola kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside, hhayi ukuthenga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imishini izosebenza iminyaka endaweni enzima, futhi imininingwane yayo izocutshungulwa ngabalawuli. Yingakho abanikazi bezitshalo abaningi bekhetha ukusebenza ngokuqondile nomkhiqizi onamakhono akhe okucwaninga, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqiza.
I-Shandong SINZEN Instrument Co., Ltd., ezinze eJinan, eSifundazweni SaseShandong, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elisebenza ngokukhethekile ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni, ekuthengisweni nasekuthengisweni kwenkonzo yezinhlelo zokuqapha eziku-inthanethi zemvelo, abahlaziyi begesi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlaziya inqubo. Uhlu lomkhiqizo we-SINZEN luhlanganisa i-CEMS esekelwe endleleni eyomile ebandayo, igesi ebamba ukushisa (CO₂) eqhubekayo yokuqapha ku-inthanethi, okokusebenza kokuqapha ukushelela kwe-ammonia, iziqaphi ezihlanganisiwe zezinhlayiya zezinhlayiya, izinhlelo zokuqapha eziqhubekayo ze-VOC, nezinhlelo zokuhlaziya igesi yezimboni embonini yensimbi nensimbi. Le nkampani iphethe izitifiketi ze-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001 zohlelo lokuphatha, kanye ne-CCEP China Environmental Protection Product Certification kanye ne-CES China Environmental Service Certification, futhi iyilungu le-China Environmental Protection Industry Association. Izixazululo zayo zihlinzeka ngokuqapha kwemvelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla amasha nomoya, ukulawulwa kwenqubo nokuphepha, kanye nezicelo zokuqapha ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Isiphetho
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokukhipha ukungcola kuguqula isibopho sokulawula sibe inzuzo yokuphatha: idatha enembile, yasebusuku igcina isitshalo sithobelana, sisebenza kahle futhi sithembekile. Ukhiye wempumelelo ukukhetha okokusebenza okuqhubekayo kokuqapha ukukhishwa kwegesi ephumayo efana nohlelo lokusebenza, ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo, futhi isekelwa umkhiqizi ozomela ngemuva kwayo impilo yonke yesistimu.
Uma uhlela iphrojekthi entsha yokuqapha noma uthuthukisa isistimu ekhona, onjiniyela bethu bangakusiza ukuthi uchaze imingcele, ukhethe okokusebenza okufanele, futhi ulungiselele ukuthobela. Xhumana ne-SINZEN ukuze uxoxe ngezimfuneko zakho —
xhumana nathi ngokukhethwa kwemishini kanye nokubonisana nobuchwepheshe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Imele ini i-CEMS?
I-CEMS imele uhlelo lokuqapha ukungcola okuqhubekayo - uhlelo oludidiyelwe olukala ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lurekhode ukukhishwa okungcolile okuvela kunqwaba yezimboni noma umtshingo.
Ingabe i-CEMS iyimpoqo?
Ezindaweni eziningi, imithombo emikhulu emile efana nezitshalo zikagesi, amabhayela amakhulu, izishifu zikasimende, izishisi zemfucuza kanye neziko ezinkulu zezimboni kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe i-CEMS lapho kusetshenziswa imingcele yokukhipha umoya. Imfuneko ethile incike emthethweni wendawo kanye nohlobo lwesikhungo.
Imaphi amagesi i-CEMS ejwayele ukuwakala?
Amapharamitha avame kakhulu yi-SO₂, NOₓ, CO, CO₂, O₂ kanye ne-particle matter, ene-VOCs, NH₃, HCl, i-mercury nokugeleza kwezilinganiso zengezwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo nezidingo zokulawula.
Ngabe i-CEMS idinga ukulinganiswa kangaki?
Ukuhlolwa kweqanda nobude besikhathi ngokuvamile kwenziwa njalo (isibonelo, nsuku zonke kuya kweviki yonke kuye ngezinga), kuyilapho ukulinganisa okugcwele kwe-in-situ kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zereferensi kulandela ishejuli echazwe yizinga elisebenzayo lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
