Yonke indawo yemizi-mveliso etshisa i-fuel okanye i-process materials ithumela iigesi phezulu. Ukwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yintoni na igesi yombane - kunye nokuba ingakanani ishiya isityalo - ayisenanto yokuzikhethela kwishishini langoku. Ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo kwitekhnoloji ebonelela ngale mpendulo ngokuzenzekelayo, ubusuku nemini, kwaye ibe yenye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo kulawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo.
Kweli nqaku, sichaza ukuba yintoni eqhubekayo yokubeka iliso kukukhutshwa, kutheni amashishini eyidinga, njani a
inkqubo yokubeka iliso eqhubekayo (CEMS) imisebenzi, engcolisa inokuthi ilinganise, kwaye yintoni abathengi bezixhobo eziqhubekayo zokubeka iliso kwi-flue gas kufuneka bahlole ngaphambi kokuba benze isigqibo sokuthenga.
Yintoni eqhubekayo yokuBeka iliso kwiMigaqo elula?
Uhlolo oluqhubekayo lokukhupha (CEM) lusetyenziso oluzenzekelayo, umlinganiselo wexesha lokwenyani logxininiso longcoliseko kwirhasi yokukhupha ephuma kwistakhi yefektri okanye iflue. Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwezandla lwamaxesha athile, oluthatha umfanekiso omfutshane wokukhutshwa, imilinganiselo ye-CEMS kunye neerekhodi zamanqanaba ongcoliseko ngokuqhubekayo - ngokuqhelekileyo rhoqo kwimizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu - kwaye inike ingxelo kwiiyunithi ezifunwa ngugunyaziwe wendawo, njenge-mg/m³, ppm, okanye amazinga okukhutshwa kobunzima obufana ne-kg/h okanye iitoni ngonyaka.
Inkqubo epheleleyo eqhubekayo yokubeka iliso ephumayo ayisona sixhobo esinye. Yindibano edibeneyo edla ngokubandakanya:
- isampula yokutsalwa kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa (iiprobes, izihlungi, iicoolers, iimpompo);
- abahlalutyi begesi kungcoliseko lwegesi;
- abeke esweni imiba ethile apho kuyimfuneko;
- ukuhamba, ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nezinzwa zokufuma;
- inkqubo yokufumana idatha kunye nokuphatha (DAHS) eqinisekisa idatha, ibala imiyinge kwaye ivelise iingxelo zokulawula.
Injongo ye-CEMS ilula: ukunika ubungqina obuchanekileyo, obukhuselayo, ubusuku nemini bokuthi isibonelelo sikhupha ntoni, ukuze abaqhubi bahlale ngaphakathi kwemida yokukhutshwa kwezomthetho kunye nokwandisa iinkqubo zabo ngexesha elifanayo.
Kutheni iMiba yokuJonga i-Emission eqhubekayo
Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo. Kwimimandla emininzi enemizi-mveliso, imithombo emikhulu emileyo ifunwa ngumthetho ukuze kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo. E-United States, imimiselo ye-EPA phantsi kwe-40 CFR Icandelo le-60 idinga i-CEMS kwimithombo emininzi echaphazelekayo emileyo, ngelixa iCandelo le-75 libeka iimfuneko zokubeka iliso, isatifikethi kunye neengxelo ze-SO₂, NOₓ, CO₂, O₂, i-opacity, flow kunye nomswakama osetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokurhweba ngokukhutshwa. Kwi-European Union, i-Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) ifuna abaqhubi bezityalo ezitshisayo ezinkulu kunye nolunye ufakelo ukujonga ukukhutshwa, kunye ne-EN 14181 ibonelela ngesakhelo soqinisekiso lomgangatho we-CEMS - ukusuka kwisixhobo sokufaneleka (QAL1) kunye ne-in-situ calibration ngokuchasene neendlela zereferensi (QAL2) ukuya kulawulo lovavanyo lonyaka (QAL2) kunye nolawulo lovavanyo lwesiqhelo (QAL2) kunye nolawulo lovavanyo lwesiqhelo (QAL2) kunye nolawulo lovavanyo lwesiqhelo. E-China, imigangatho yesizwe i-HJ 75-2017 kunye ne-HJ 76-2017 ichaza iimfuno zobugcisa, ukufakwa, kunye neendlela zokuvavanya i-flue gas CEMS yokulinganisa i-SO₂, NOₓ kunye ne-particulate matter kwimithombo emileyo.
Ingxelo yokukhutshwa kwezinto ekuhleni. Amagunya amaninzi apapasha idatha yokukhutshwa esweni okanye ukuyisebenzisela ukuthotyelwa kwemvume, urhwebo olukhutshwayo kunye nokubalwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuthembeka kwedatha kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuthembekeni kwenkqubo yokubeka iliso emva kwayo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle. I-CEMS elungiselelwe kakuhle yenza ngaphezu kokwanelisa abalawuli. Ukufundwa kweoksijini kunye nekhabhon monoxide kubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha; iintsingiselo ezingaqhelekanga zinokuveza isitshisi esisilelayo, isifudumezi sobushushu esivuzayo okanye isixhobo esisebenza ngokugqithisileyo. Amaziko abeka iliso rhoqo afumanisa ukuba iinkcukacha ezingcono zithetha ukuba amafutha angachithwanga kangako kunye nokuphazamiseka okumbalwa kwenkqubo.
Ukuphendula kuluntu. Idatha echanekileyo, eqhubekayo inika uluntu, abaphicothi-zincwadi kunye nabathengi ithemba lokuba iplanti iyahlangabezana nezibophelelo zayo zokusingqongileyo.
Isebenza Njani iNkqubo yokuBeka iliso eZiqhumayo?
Nangona uyilo lwahluka, uninzi lwerhasi ye-CEMS ilandela umxokelelwane ofanayo:
- Ukutsalwa kwesampuli. I-probe eshushu ikhupha isampuli yegesi emele kwi-stack. Iinkqubo ezikhuphayo zoba isampuli ngaphandle kombhobho ukuze kuhlalutywe; abahlalutyi be-in-situ balinganisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-stack.
- Ukulungiswa kwesampuli. Irhasi yeflue eshushu, efumileyo, enothuli kufuneka icocwe kwaye yomiswe phambi kokuba ifikelele kubahlalutyi abachanekileyo. Kwindlela eyomileyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, isampuli ipholile ukuze ukufuma kuphume, ukukhusela abahlalutyi kunye nokuvelisa umlinganiselo owomileyo ofunwa ngabalawuli.
- Uhlalutyo. Abahlalutyi berhasi balinganisa ugxininiso lwecandelo ngalinye ekujoliswe kulo, ngelixa abahloli abazinikeleyo belinganisa i-particle, isantya sokuhamba kunye nezinye iiparamitha.
- Ukufunyanwa kwedatha kunye nokuphathwa. I-DAHS iqokelela imiqondiso ekrwada, iziqinisekise, isebenzise ulungelelwaniso, ibala imiyinge kunye namazinga okukhutshwa kobuninzi, kwaye ifomathi idatha ukuze ingeniswe kumlawuli.
- Ukulinganisa kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. Iinkqubo ziqinisekiswa ngo-zero kunye ne-span gases ngokwesiqhelo, kwaye ngamaxesha athile zilinganiswe ngokuchasene neendlela ezizimeleyo zereferensi ngokwemigangatho esebenzayo (efana ne-EN 14181 eYurophu okanye iimvavanyo zokusebenza ezichazwe kwisiTshayina HJ 76-2017).
Zeziphi izinto ezingcolisayo ezinokulinganiswa yi-CEMS?
I-CEMS yanamhlanje inokubeka iliso kuluhlu olubanzi lweeparamitha zegesi yombane, kubandakanya:
- Ii-nitrogen oxides (NOₓ, okt HAYI kunye NO₂)
- Ikhabhon monoxide (CO) kunye necarbon dioxide (CO₂)
- I-particulate matter / concentration yothuli
- Iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo (VOCs)
- Isiliphu se-Amoniya (NH₃) esivela kwiinkqubo ze-SCR/SNCR de-NOₓ
- I-Hydrogen chloride (HCl) kunye nezinye iigesi ze-asidi
- I-Mercury kunye nezinye iintsimbi zokulandelela kwizicelo ezithile
- Ukuhamba kwerhasi yomkhuhlane, ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokufuma - kubalulekile ekuguquleni ugxininiso lube ngamazinga okukhutshwa okukhulu
ITekhnoloji yoMlinganiselo emva kweCEMS
Itekhnoloji ye-analyzer esetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziqhubekayo zokuhlola igesi yomkhuhlane ziyahluka ngongcoliseko, uluhlu loxinaniso kunye nokusetyenziswa:
- I-non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzers ngamahashe okusebenzela e-CO, CO₂, SO₂ kunye no-NO kwigesi yomlilo evuthayo.
- I-Chemiluminescence analyzers bonelela ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo womgangatho ophantsi we-NOₓ, odla ngokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yombane nakwizitshisi zenkunkuma.
- Ukufunyanwa kwe-ionization yomlilo (FID) ilinganisa iiVOCs zizonke, kubandakanywa imethane kunye neehydrocarbon ezingezizo imethane.
- Izinzwa zeParamagnetic kunye ne-zirconia ukulinganisa ioksijini ngokuzinza okugqwesileyo.
- I-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) inikeza in-situ, umlinganiselo wokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-drift ephantsi yeegesi ezifana ne-NH₃, i-HCl kunye ne-O₂.
- UV / DOAS kunye nobuchule be-FTIR inokulinganisa amacandelo egesi amaninzi ngaxeshanye.
- I-Beta-ray yokuthomalalisa kunye neemonitha zokusasaza ukukhanya zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumbandela othile.
Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwi-matrix yegesi ye-flue - ubushushu, umswakama, ukulayishwa kothuli kunye nokugqwala - kunye nesiseko sokulinganisa ukulawulwa (okumanzi okanye okomileyo) kunye noluhlu loxinzelelo lomdla. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubunjineli besicelo sobuchwephesha bubalulekile njengezixhobo ngokwazo.
Indlela yokukhetha iSixhobo sokuBeka iliso esiZiqhumayo kwiGesi yeFlue
Ukukhetha izixhobo eziqhubekayo zokubeka iliso ezikhutshwayo kwigesi yombane sisigqibo esibaluleke kakhulu kwiprojekthi. Isixokelelwano esisilelayo ekufumaneni isatifikethi, siphuma kwimigaqo, okanye siyehla xa umlawuli ecela idatha inokubiza kakhulu kunesixhobo ngokwaso. Abathengi kufuneka bavavanye oku kulandelayo:
- Iiparamitha ezilinganisiweyo kunye nemigangatho esebenzayo. Qala kwimida yokukhutshwa kwendawo kunye nomgangatho wokubeka iliso indawo yakho ekufuneka ihlangabezane nayo - imilinganiselo, isiseko somlinganiselo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza ziza kuqala, hayi ikhathalogu yezixhobo.
- Umgaqo wokulinganisa ufanelekile. Uthuli oluphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, ukudleka okanye irhasi yobushushu obuphezulu ifuna inkqubo (kubandakanywa nokulungiswa kwesampulu) eyenzelwe loo meko. Iisistim zokukhupha ezibandayo, umzekelo, lukhetho oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-SO₂/NOₓ yokubeka iliso kwiibhoyila ezibaswa ngamalahle kunye nezoshishino.
- Ukuchaneka, ukuphindaphinda kunye nemida yokufumanisa. Qinisekisa ukuba abahlalutyi banokulinganisa uluhlu olulindelekileyo lokugxininiswa ngokuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza.
- Iziqinisekiso kunye nobungqina bokuthotyelwa. Jonga iziqinisekiso zomenzi ezifana ne-ISO 9001 yolawulo lomgangatho, i-ISO 14001 yolawulo lokusingqongileyo, kunye neziqinisekiso zemveliso ezifana neCCEP (iSatifikethi seMveliso yoKhuseleko lwaseTshayina) apho kufanelekileyo, kwaye ucele ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuthotyelwa kwemarike ekujoliswe kuyo.
- Ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa. Qwalasela ixesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela, ukufumaneka kweendawo ezisecaleni, kunye nokuba kulula kangakanani na inkqubo ukuyigcina ebaleni.
- Ukuphathwa kwedatha kunye nokunika ingxelo. I-DAHS kufuneka iphathe ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha, i-avareji, izibalo zezinga lokuphuma kunye neefomathi zengxelo ezilindelwe ngumlawuli wakho.
- Inkxaso yomvelisi. Ukugunyaziswa, ukuqeqeshwa, ukusebenza kunye neenkonzo zokugcina, kunye nenkxaso ephendulayo emva kokuthengisa imisela ixesha lokwenyani lehlabathi. Umvelisi oneqela lobunjineli kunye nomnxeba wenkonzo wenkonzo uxabisa ngaphezulu kwebhokisi engabizi kakhulu.
- Ixabiso lilonke lobunini. Thelekisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zomjikelo wobomi - hayi nje ixabiso lokuthenga - kubandakanywa izinto ezityiwayo, ukugcinwa, uvavanyo lwesatifikethi kunye nexesha lokuphumla elinokubakho.
Kutheni iNtsebenziswano kunye noMvelisi we-CEMS onamava
Ukujongwa ngokuqhubekayo kokuphumayo kukuzibophelela kwexesha elide, hayi ukuthenga kanye. Isixhobo siya kuqhuba iminyaka kwindawo enzima, kwaye idatha yayo iya kuqwalaselwa ngabalawuli. Yingakho abanikazi bezityalo abaninzi bekhetha ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nomvelisi onophando lwakhe, uphuhliso kunye namandla okuvelisa.
I-Shandong SINZEN Instrument Co., Ltd., esekelwe eJinan, kwiPhondo laseShandong, lishishini lobugcisa obuphezulu obukhethekileyo kuphando, uphuhliso, imveliso, ukuthengisa kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso kwi-intanethi, abahlalutyi begesi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlalutya inkqubo. Uluhlu lweemveliso ze-SINZEN lubandakanya i-CEMS esekelwe kwindlela eyomileyo ebandayo, i-greenhouse gas (CO₂) iinkqubo zokubeka iliso eziqhubekayo kwi-intanethi, izixhobo zokubeka iliso ze-ammonia slip, iimonitha ezidibeneyo ze-extractive particulate, ii-VOCs iinkqubo zokubeka iliso eziqhubekayo, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlalutya kwegesi ye-industrial ye-iron kunye ne-iron metallurgical industry. Inkampani iphethe i-ISO 9001, i-ISO 14001 kunye ne-ISO 45001 yolawulo-inkqubo yolawulo lwezatifikethi, kunye ne-CCEP yaseTshayina yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yeMveliso yokuSingqongileyo kunye ne-CES China iSiqinisekiso seNkonzo yokuSingqongileyo, kwaye ililungu le-China Environmental Protection Industry Association. Izisombululo zayo zisebenza ekubekeni iliso kokusingqongileyo, amandla amatsha kunye nokwahlulwa komoya, inkqubo kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nezicelo zokubeka iliso kukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukubekw'esweni okuqhubekayo kokuphumayo kuguqula uxanduva lolawulo lube yinzuzo yolawulo: idatha echanekileyo, imini nobusuku igcina isityalo sithobela, sisebenza kakuhle kwaye sithembekile. Isitshixo sokuphumelela kukukhetha izixhobo eziqhubekayo zokubeka iliso kwi-flue gas ehambelana nesicelo, ihlangabezana nemigangatho esebenzayo, kwaye ixhaswa ngumvelisi oya kuma emva kwayo ubomi benkqubo.
Ukuba uceba iprojekthi entsha yokubeka iliso okanye uphucula inkqubo esele ikhona, iinjineli zethu zinokukunceda uchaze iiparamitha, ukhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ulungiselele ukuthotyelwa. Qhagamshelana neSINZEN ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho -
qhagamshelana nathi ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nokubonisana nobugcisa.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Imele ntoni iCEMS?
I-CEMS imele inkqubo yokubeka iliso eqhubekayo - inkqubo edibeneyo eyenza ukulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye irekhode ukukhutshwa kokungcola okuvela kwi-industrial stack okanye flue.
Ngaba i-CEMS inyanzelekile?
Kwiindawo ezininzi, imithombo emikhulu emileyo efana nezixhobo zombane, iibhoyila ezinkulu, izitofu zesamente, izitshisi zenkunkuma kunye neziko lemizi-mveliso emikhulu ziyafuneka ukuze kuqhutywe i-CEMS xa imida yokukhutshwa kwezinto isebenza. Imfuno ethile ixhomekeke kumthetho wendawo kunye nohlobo loncedo.
Zeziphi iigesi ezilinganisa i-CEMS?
Iiparamitha eziqhelekileyo ziyi-SO₂, NOₓ, CO, CO₂, O₂ kunye ne-particulate matter, kunye ne-VOCs, i-NH₃, i-HCl, i-mercury kunye nemilinganiselo yokugeleza eyongeziweyo ngokwenkqubo kunye neemfuno zokulawula.
Kukangaphi kufuneka i-CEMS ilinganiswe?
Ujongo oluqhelekileyo lweqanda kunye ne-span luqhele ukwenziwa rhoqo (umzekelo, yonke imihla ukuya ngeveki ngokuxhomekeke kumgangatho), ngelixa ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwe-in-situ ngokuchasene neendlela zereferensi lulandela ishedyuli echazwe ngumgangatho osebenzayo wokuqinisekisa umgangatho.
