Impendulo ethe ngqo:I-alamu yokufuma ingabonakala ingaphumeleli emva kokunikezelwa ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo, iingcingo, i-relay logic, i-threshold, indawo yofakelo, imeko yesampulu, okanye uvavanyo lokugunyazisa luhluke kwisiseko esimiselweyo. Okokuqala qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo senzelwe ntoni ukukhusela kwaye nokuba sibeka iliso kwimo yomoya okanye igesi yesampulu enemeko. Kwi-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia, i-alamu yokufuma sisixhobo esincedisayo; ayiboni i-ammonia okanye ithathe indawo yesixhobo segesi.
Qala ngokwahlula imisebenzi emithathu eyahlukeneyo ye-alam
Amagama athi "i-alamu yegesi" inokufihla imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokulinganisa. I-alam yokuvuza kwe-ammonia ikhethiwe ukukhangela i-NH3. I-alam yokuvuza kweklorini ikhethiwe ukukhangela i-Cl2. I-alamu yokufuma ibona ukufuma okanye imeko yokufuma. Ezi zixhobo zinokuvela kwindawo enye okanye kwikhabhinethi, kodwa azilinganisi ukuguquguquka okufanayo kwaye azitshintshi.
Lo mda kufuneka ujongwe phambi kokuba kulungiswe ingxaki. Umthengi olindele a i-alamu yokufuma ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo ekukhutshweni kwe-ammonia kunengxaki yokucacisa, kungekhona inzwa yokufuma ephosakeleyo. Apho i-alam yokufuma ifakwe kwi-sample-conditioning train, injongo yayo isenokuba kukulumkisa ngokuphuma komswakama okanye imeko yesampulu engafanelekanga phambi kokuba kuchaphazeleke izixhobo zokuhlalutya igesi. Umsebenzi wayo ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kuyilo lwenkqubo.
Isikhangeli esisisigxina segesi eyityhefu, ngokuchaseneyo, sibekwe kwaye silungiselelwe irhasi ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nobungozi besiza. Imodeli ye-detector, umgaqo wokuva, uluhlu, iindawo zokubeka i-alamu, imida yokusingqongileyo, ulwazi olunqamlezayo, kunye nendlela yokufakela kufuneka ihlaziywe igesi ekujoliswe kuyo. Isixhobo sokufuma segeneric asinako ukunika obo bungqina.
Qinisekisa umsebenzi omiselweyo phambi kokunika amandla isixhobo
Fumana iinkcukacha zokuthenga, idatha evunyiweyo, idayagram yocingo, kunye nekowuteshini yomthengisi. Chonga ukuba ingaba iyunithi yayalelwe ukufuma kwe-ambient, ukufuma kwesampulu-yerhasi, ukhuseleko lwe-condensate, okanye ukufuma okuphakamileyo. Rekhoda unikezelo olukhankanyiweyo, uhlobo lwemveliso, abafowunelwa bokudluliselwa, umqobo, ukusetha ngokutsha ukuziphatha, ulungelelwaniso lofakelo, imeko yoxinzelelo, kunye nesiqhagamshelanisi okanye ilungiselelo leterminal.
Ukuba irekhodi lokuthenga lithetha kuphela "i-alamu yomswakama," isiseko sokwamkelwa asiphelelanga. Ileyibhile efanayo inokugquma izixhobo ezinoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lokuziva, iziphumo, i-alam logic, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ngaphambi kokuvakalisa ukusilela, cela umthengisi ukuba aqinisekise imodeli enikezelweyo kwaye athelekise i-nameplate yayo kunye noqwalaselo kunye nomyalelo.
Udidi lwemveliso nalo lubalulekile. Isixhobo esizimeleyo esidweliswe phakathi izixhobo ze-alam yegesi inokuba nendima yofakelo eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwimonitha yokufuma edityaniswe kwiphaneli yohlalutyi. Umzobo wenkqubo kufuneka ubonise eyona ndawo yokuva kunye nezixhobo ezichaphazelekayo yi-alamu.
Jonga amandla kunye neengcingo ngaphandle kokucinga i-logic ye-relay
Uninzi lweentsilelo ezicacileyo zokuhanjiswa ziqala ngokungahambi kakuhle kombane. Qinisekisa unikezelo olukalisiweyo ngokuchasene nobonelelo lokwenene ngaphambi kokuba unike amandla iyunithi. Jonga i-polarity apho kufanelekileyo, ii-asayinimenti zetheminali, ukumisa phantsi, ukuhlala kwesinxibelelanisi, ukuqhubeka kwentambo, kunye nayo nayiphi na ifyuzi okanye isixhobo sokukhusela. Ukulinganisa unikezelo kwiitheminali ze-alam phantsi komthwalo kunokuba kuphela kumthombo wamandla wekhabhathi.
Okulandelayo chonga uhlobo lomqondiso. I-relay yoqhagamshelwano olomileyo, imveliso ye-analog, kunye nekhonkco lonxibelelwano lwedijithali zifuna iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Ukufumana iziphumo zokudluliselwa, qinisekisa iitheminali eziqhelekileyo, ezidla ngokuvula, neziqhele ukuvalwa. "I-Alarm iyasebenza" inokuvala umfowunelwa omnye okanye ivule isekethi engasebenziyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwingqiqo ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Igalelo le-PLC elilungiselelwe imeko echaseneyo linokwenza isixhobo esinempilo sibonakale sisothuswa ngokusisigxina okanye siqhelekile ngokusisigxina.
Buza ukuba ingaba ilahleko yamandla inokwenza isalathiso sempazamo. Ukuba ukuziphatha okungaphumeleli kuyafuneka, yichaze kwishedyuli yesizathu kunye nesiphumo kwaye uyivavanye ngamabomu. Musa ukutshintsha iingcingo de umzobo wesixhobo kunye nengqiqo yezityalo zilungelelaniswe.
Qinisekisa indawo yokuva kunye nendlela yesampulu
I-alam yokufuma iphendula kuphela kwimeko yento yayo yokuziva. Ukuba yenzelwe ukufumanisa ukuphumelela kokunyakama kwisampulu enemeko, indawo yayo enxulumene nepholileyo, isahluli, isihluzi, impompo, kunye ne-analyzer ibalulekile. Inzwa efakwe phezulu kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokususa ukufuma liya kubona imeko eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwenye efakwe ezantsi.
Jonga iisampulu epheleleyo yendlela yokudlula, iivalvu ezivaliweyo, izifakelo ezikhululekileyo, iityhubhu evaliweyo, ukubuya umva, imilenze efileyo, kunye nokuvuza. Qinisekisa ukuba irhasi yesampulu ifika ngenene kwigumbi lezimvo ngokuqukuqela okulindelweyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba inkqubo iphantsi kokufunxa, ukuvuza komoya kunokutshintsha imeko yokufuma elinganisiweyo. Ukuba i-sensor ihlukaniswe yi-valve okanye i-plugged fitting, uvavanyo lwebhentshi olusebenzayo alukwazi ukumela umsebenzi ofakiweyo.
Apho ulawulo lwe-condensation luyinxalenye yoyilo, qinisekisa ukusebenza kwe i-condenser ye-elektroniki, idreyini, isahluli, kunye netyhubhu ezinxulumeneyo. I-alam yokufuma ayinakuhlawulela isipholileyo esingaqhutywanga mbane, umbhobho ovaliweyo, okanye iityhubhu ehanjiswa ngendlela ukuze amadama ajike aze kamva ahambe njenge-slug.
Ukwahlula ukufuma okuphezulu ukusuka ekutyhilekeni kwamanzi elulwelo
Ukubona ukufuma kunye nokunyamezela kwamanzi okumanzi akufani. Isivamvo soluvo sinokukhankanywa kuluhlu olubanzi lokufuma okuzalanayo kodwa lusafuna umsebenzi ongafinyezisiyo. Ukuba i-condensate yolwelo ifikelela kwindawo yokuva, impendulo inokuthi ihluthe, icothe, ingazinzi, okanye ithande icala okwethutyana. Isenzo esichanekileyo sixhomekeke kwimiyalelo yesixhobo; ukufudumeza okungalawulwayo, ukuqhaqha, okanye ukucocwa kwe-solvent kunokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi.
Hlola amagumbi angafihliyo kunye nemisele yokuhambisa amanzi ukuze ufumane amathontsi abonakalayo, kodwa ungathembeli kwinkangeleko yodwa. Rekhoda ubushushu besampulu, uxinzelelo, ubushushu be-ambient, kunye nobushushu bomzimba wenzwa kunye netyhubhu. Ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu kunokuhambisa isampuli kwindawo yayo yombethe nangona imeko yenkqubo enyukayo ingatshintshanga. Imiphezulu ebandayo emva kokuthuthwa okanye ukuqaliswa nayo inokudala ukuxinana okwethutyana.
Ukuba ixabiso lokufuma eliqhubekayo liyadingeka kunokuba i-alamu elula, thelekisa umsebenzi ofunekayo kunye ne esweni ukufuma kwiinkqubo zegesi. Ukhetho kufuneka lulandele uluhlu lokulinganisa, imeko yesampula, imveliso, ukulindela impendulo, kunye nendlela yokulondoloza-kungekhona igama lemveliso yodwa.
Ukuphonononga umda, i-hysteresis, ukulibaziseka, kunye nokusetha kwakhona
Isixhobo sinokuba sempilweni ngokombane kodwa siqwalaselwe ngokwahlukileyo kulindelo lwesiza. Jonga umda we-alam kunye neyunithi, ukuba i-threshold isebenza kumswakama ohambelanayo okanye enye inguqu yokufuma, i-hysteresis okanye i-deadband, naluphi na ukulibaziseka kokwenza kusebenze, ukuziphatha kwe-latching, kunye nendlela yokusetha ngokutsha. Thelekisa ezona sethingi kunye neshedyuli evunyiweyo ye-alam.
Imiqobo kufuneka inxulunyaniswe nesixhobo esikhuselweyo kunye nemeko yesampulu eqhelekileyo. Indawo yokubeka ekhutshelwe kwenye iprojekthi inokubangela ii-alam zenkathazo okanye isilele ukunika isilumkiso esiluncedo. Ukuba i-alamu ikhusela i-analyzer, cela i-analyzer okanye umthengisi wenkqubo ukuba achaze imeko yokungena eyamkelekileyo kunye nempendulo efunekayo xa umda uwela.
Sebenzisa indlela yovavanyo elawulwayo ukucela umngeni kwindawo yokuva. Uvavanyo kufuneka lube nemeko eyaziwayo okanye ezimeleyo elinganisiweyo efanelekileyo kwisixhobo. Ukuphefumla ngokulula kwi-sensor, ukusebenzisa izicubu ezimanzi, okanye ukutofa umphunga ongalawulekiyo akusenzi ukuchaneka kwaye kunokuveza into kwi-condensation.
Sebenzisa uphawu ukukhetha utsheki lokuqala
| Uphawu olujongiweyo | Iitshekhi zokuqala | Ubungqina bokurekhodwa |
| Akukho sibonakaliso samandla okanye imveliso | Ireyithingi yokubonelela, i-polarity, i-fuse, iitheminali, isinxibelelanisi kunye nombane womthwalo | Imodeli, unikezelo olulinganisiweyo kunye nomlinganiselo wombane we-terminal |
| I-alam ihlala isebenza | I-NO/NC logic, i-threshold, inzwa emanzi, i-condensate, i-point sensing point | Imo yokudlulisa, useto, isampuli kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo |
| I-alam ayisebenzi | Ukuhamba kwesampulu, ukudlula, umgca ovaliweyo, umqobo, imephu yesiphumo | Indlela yokuhamba, indlela yomngeni kunye nemeko yokufaka iPLC |
| I-alam yethutyana | I-Condensate slugs, i-wiring ekhululekile, imijikelezo yobushushu, ukuhamba okungazinzanga | Iimeko ezinesitampu sexesha kunye nolandelelwano lwesiganeko |
| Ukuchacha kancinci | Ukuba sesichengeni solwelo, umthamo ofileyo, igumbi elingcolisekileyo, phinda usete ingqiqo | Imbali yokuvezwa, ixesha lokubuyisela kunye nemiyalelo yesixhobo |
| Ilizwe le-PLC alivumelani nelizwe lasekhaya | Ukukhetha abafowunelwa, ukukala, ukubhalisa ukwenza imephu, ukungaphumeleli kokhuseleko | Umlinganiselo wesiphelo kunye nengqiqo yenkqubo yokulawula |
Musa ukusebenzisa ukulungisa ingxaki yokufuma ukuze uvumele isichongi segesi eyityhefu
Ukufuma kunokuchaphazela indawo yokusebenza yezinye izinzwa zegesi, kodwa loo nto ayenzi i-alam yokufuma ithathe indawo yesiqinisekiso segesi ethile. Kwi-alam yokuvuza kwe-ammonia okanye i-alam yokuvuza kweklorini, abathengi kufuneka bajonge ngokwahlukileyo igesi ekujoliswe kuyo, uluhlu, umgaqo wokuva, indlela yokuphendula kunye nemilinganiselo yokubuyisela, amanqanaba e-alam, imida yokusingqongileyo, ulwazi oluxananazileyo, igesi yokulinganisa, indlela yokuvavanya i-bump, indawo yokunyuka, iziphumo, iimfuno zesatifikethi, kunye nexesha lokugcinwa.
Isibonisi esifanelekileyo sinokuwela ngaphakathi igesi enetyhefu detector alarm ukhetho. Buza umthengisi ngeenkcukacha ezichanekileyo zemodeli kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekisa. Sukucinga ukuba iinkcukacha zokusebenza kwe-NH3 zisebenza kwi-Cl2, okanye into yokuba isixhobo sokubona indawo ecocekileyo sifanelekile kwindawo emanzi, enomhlwa, enothuli, okanye ejiyayo.
Ukuba i-alamu yegesi kunye ne-alamu yokufuma ithatha inxaxheba ekuvaleni okanye ukulandelelana kwe-ventilation, yenza itafile yesizathu-kunye-nesiphumo. Kufuneka ibonise ukuba sesiphi isixhobo esiqalisa isenzo ngasinye, inqanaba le-alam, ukulibaziseka, umgaqo we-latching, igunya lokuseta ngokutsha, ukuziphatha kakubi, kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Vavanya igalelo ngalinye ngokuzimeleyo phambi kokuvavanya ulandelelwano oludibeneyo.
Hlola ezothutho, ugcino, kunye nembali yokufakela
Iyunithi ephumelele uvavanyo lomboneleli isenokuthi ifike ineqhagamshelo elixekileyo, intambo eyonakeleyo, igumbi elingcolisekileyo, okanye utshintsho lwesimo. Rekhoda imeko yokupakisha, ubungqina bomothuko okanye ukufuma, ubude bexesha lokugcinwa, indawo yokugcina, kunye nekhefu phakathi kokukhulula kunye nokuthunyelwa. Thelekisa imodeli efunyenweyo, inombolo yesiriyali, izincedisi, kunye namaxwebhu kunye noluhlu lokupakisha.
Vumela ifowuni ukuba ifikelele kwimeko yofakelo echaziweyo phambi kovavanyo, ngakumbi emva kwentshukumo phakathi kweendawo ezibandayo nezishushu. Hlola amatywina, iminqwazi yetyhubhu, izinto ezifakelweyo kunye namagumbi okuvangela ngaphandle kokuvula iindibano ezikhuselweyo ngokungeyomfuneko. Fota uqhelaniso olufakiweyo kunye noqhagamshelo ukuze umthengisi akwazi ukuhlola ukuseta ekude.
Iinguqu zokufakela kufuneka zilawulwe. Ukuba ubude bentambo, unikezelo lwamandla, i-tubing yesampuli, ilungiselelo elipholileyo, okanye i-PLC logic iyahluka kuvavanyo lwefektri, bhala ukutenxa. Ukusombulula ingxaki kukhawuleza xa umthengisi ebona ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni etshintshileyo phakathi kokuthunyelwa kunye nesiza.
Qhuba uvavanyo lokugunyazisa kunye nolwamkelo
Ukugunyazisa kufuneka kwahlule izinto eziguquguqukayo. Okokuqala qinisekisa imodeli kunye noqwalaselo. Okwesibini qinisekisa amandla kunye nemveliso yendawo. Okwesithathu sebenzisa imeko yokufuma elawulwayo efanelekileyo kwisixhobo. Okwesine qinisekisa i-relay, i-analog, okanye isignali yedijithali kwisilawuli esifumanayo. Okwesihlanu vavanya isenzo se-alam, ukuseta ngokutsha, kunye nokuziphatha kokulahleka kwamandla. Okokugqibela, sebenzisa isixhobo kwindlela eyiyo yesampulu kwaye uyijonge ngotshintsho olumele olusebenzayo.
Chaza indlela yokupasa phambi kovavanyo. Oku kunokubandakanya imo efunekayo engezantsi nangaphezulu kwendawo ebekiweyo, amaxesha avumelekileyo okuvula kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona, ingqiqo yokudlulisela, ixabiso elibonisiweyo okanye eligqithisiweyo apho kufanelekileyo, kunye nempendulo echanekileyo yezityalo. Sebenzisa imiyalelo yomenzi kunye neenkcukacha zeprojekthi kumaxabiso; musa ukuqamba imida yokwamkelwa kwindawo.
Ulwazi lokuthumela ngengxelo yokusilela
- Imodeli yemveliso, inombolo yothotho, ireferensi yokuthenga, kunye nedatha evunyiweyo
- Unikezelo lomgangatho kunye nomlinganiselo wombane kwisixhobo
- Umzobo wocingo, imilinganiselo yetheminali, kunye ne-PLC okanye i-DCS logic
- I-Threshold, i-hysteresis, ukulibaziseka, i-latch, kunye nokusetha kwakhona izicwangciso
- Iifoto zofakelo, uqhelaniso, isampulu yetyhubhu, ipholile, kunye nedreyini
- Isampulu yoxinzelelo, ukuhamba, ubushushu, imeko yokufuma, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwecondensate
- Uphawu olunesitampu sexesha, indlela yokucela umngeni, kunye neentshukumo esele zenziwe
Uphando lonikezelo olumele
Imeko emeleyo - hayi ityala lomthengi.
I-alamu yokufuma yephaneli ibonisa indawo eqhelekileyo yendawo, kodwa inkqubo yokulawula ibonisa i-alamu eqhubekayo emva kokunikezelwa. Esi sixhobo kurhanelwa ukuba sineziphene. Ukukhangela kwe-terminal kubonisa ukuba igalelo le-PLC lifakwe kwingcingo kuqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvaliweyo ngelixa ingqiqo yolawulo ilindele isignali evulekileyo eqhelekileyo. I-hardware iyasebenza, kodwa ingqungquthela yojongano ayizange ilungiswe kwiinkcukacha zokuthenga.
Umthengi urekhoda ifilosofi evunyiweyo ye-alam, iphinda isebenze kuphela emva kokugunyaziswa, kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo, i-alam, ukuseta kwakhona, kunye nokulahleka kwamandla. Uxwebhu olwamkelekileyo luhlaziywa kunye neenombolo ze-terminal kunye nokuziphatha okungaphumeleliyo. Ulungiso lujongana noyena nobangela kwaye lunqanda ukungaqondakali okufanayo kwiiyunithi zokutshintsha.
FAQ
Ngaba i-alam yokufuma inokuqaphela ukuvuza kwe-ammonia?
Hayi. Ibona ukufuma okanye imeko yokufuma, hayi i-NH3 yoxinzelelo. Ukuvuza kwe-ammonia kufuna umtshini okhethiweyo kwaye ungqinisiswe i-ammonia. I-alam yokufuma inokuxhasa ukhuseleko lwesampulu-conditioning okanye ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ayinakuthatha indawo ye-alam yokuvuza kwe-ammonia.
Ngaba i-alam yokuvuza kweklorini iyafana ne-alam yokuvuza kwe-ammonia?
Hayi. Iigesi ekujoliswe kuzo, ukhetho loluvo, uluhlu, uvakalelo olunqamlezayo, ulungelelwaniso okanye indlela yokuvavanya, kunye neemeko zesayithi kufuneka zivavanywe ngokwahlukileyo. Abathengi kufuneka bacele eyona modeli yesitofu kunye nedatha exhasayo ye-Cl2 okanye i-NH3 endaweni yokwamkela inkcazo yegesi eyityhefu eqhelekileyo.
Kutheni i-alamu ihlala isebenza emva kokuba isampuli yomile?
Izizathu ezinokuthi zibandakanye ukuvezwa kolwelo, ukufuma okuvaleleke kwigumbi okanye kwityhubhu, i-hysteresis, ukulibaziseka kokwenza kusebenze, ingqiqo yokuqhobosha, impazamo yokumisela umqobo ophezulu, okanye utoliko oluchasene nodluliselo. Rekhoda iimeko kwaye ulandele ukubuyiswa kwesixhobo kwaye usete kwakhona imiyalelo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba inzwa yoluvo ayiphumelelanga.
Luluphi uvavanyo lokuqala lombane emva kokunikezelwa?
Qinisekisa imodeli enikezelweyo kunye nonikezelo olulinganisiweyo, emva koko ulinganise amandla ombane kwiitheminali zawo phantsi komthwalo. Qinisekisa i-polarity, izabelo zetheminali, i-relay eqhelekileyo kunye no-NO/NC abafowunelwa, uhlobo lomqondiso, kunye nengqiqo yokufumana inkqubo. Musa ukuthembela kuphela kwiileyibhile zekhabhinethi okanye imibala yocingo.
Ngaba abathengi kufuneka bavavanye i-alam yokufuma ngokufaka amanzi?
Akunjalo ngaphandle kokuba inkqubo yomenzi ivumela ngokukodwa oko. Amanzi alulwelo anokuhlutha okanye wonakalise inzwa eyenzelwe ukufuma okungagxininisi. Sebenzisa imeko yomngeni olawulwayo kunye nesalathiso esizimeleyo esilungele umgaqo womlinganiselo wesixhobo kunye noluhlu.
Umthengi kufuneka acele nini ukutshintshwa endaweni yohlengahlengiso?
Cela uvavanyo lomboneleli emva kokuba imodeli, unikezelo, iingcingo, useto, ufakelo, imeko yesampulu, kunye nendlela yokuvavanya ibhaliwe. Ukutshintshwa kufanelekile xa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba iyunithi enikezelweyo ayichanekanga, yonakele, ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo ochaziweyo, okanye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo evunyiweyo.
Thumela ubungqina phambi kokuba ucele ukutshintshwa
Uphononongo olukhawulezayo lobugcisa, thumela i-SINZEN imodeli yemveliso, inombolo ye-serial, ireferensi ye-odolo, umsebenzi ovunyiweyo, amandla kunye nedatha ye-wiring, useto lwe-alamu, iimeko zesampulu, iifoto zofakelo, uphawu lwexesha kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ezilawulwayo. Ngenisa iphakheji nge SINZEN iphepha loqhagamshelwano kwaye uchaze ukuba ufuna ukulungisa ingxaki, uvavanyo lokubuyisela, okanye ukhetho oluhlaziyiweyo lwesixhobo.
