Impendulo eqondile:I-alamu yomswakamo ingabonakala ingaphumeleli ngemva kokulethwa ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayo, izintambo, i-relay logic, i-threshold, indawo yokufaka, isimo sesampula, noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kuyahluka kunesisekelo soku-oda. Okokuqala qinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihloselwe ukuvikela ini nokuthi ingabe iqapha umoya we-ambient noma isampula yegesi epholile. Kusistimu ye-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia, i-alamu yomswakama iyithuluzi elisizayo; ayiboni i-ammonia noma ibuyisela umtshina wegesi.
Qala ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi emithathu ehlukene ye-alamu
Amagama "i-alamu yegesi" angafihla imisebenzi yokulinganisa ehlukene. I-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia ikhethiwe ukuze kutholwe i-NH3. I-alamu yokuvuza kwe-chlorine ikhethiwe ukuze kutholwe i-Cl2. I-alamu yokuswakama ithola umswakama noma isimo somswakama. Lawa madivaysi angase avele endaweni eyodwa noma ekhabetheni, kodwa awalinganisi okuguquguqukayo okufanayo futhi awashintsheki.
Lo mngcele kufanele uhlolwe ngaphambi kokuxazulula inkinga. Umthengi olindele a i-alamu yomswakama ukuphendula ngokuqondile ekukhishweni kwe-ammonia kunenkinga yokucaciswa, hhayi inzwa yomswakamo enesici. Lapho i-alamu yomswakamo ifakwe esitimeleni sesampula-conditioning, inhloso yayo kungaba ukuxwayisa ngokuphuma komswakama noma isimo sesampula esingafanele ngaphambi kokuthi kuthinteke okokusebenza kokuhlaziya igesi. Umsebenzi wayo oqondile uncike ekwakhiweni kwesistimu.
Umtshina wegesi enobuthi ongashintshi, ngokuphambene, umi futhi ulungiselwe igesi eqondiwe kanye nobungozi besayithi. Imodeli yomtshina, umgomo wokuzwa, ububanzi, izindawo zokubeka i-alamu, imikhawulo yemvelo, ulwazi olubucayi, kanye nendlela yokufaka kufanele kubuyekezwe ngegesi ehlosiwe. Idivaysi yomswakamo ojwayelekile ayikwazi ukunikeza lobo bufakazi.
Qinisekisa umsebenzi o-odiwe ngaphambi kokunika amandla idivayisi
Buyisa imininingwane yokuthenga, idatha egunyaziwe, umdwebo wezintambo, kanye nekhotheshini yomphakeli. Khomba ukuthi ingabe iyunithi yayi-odelwe ukuswakama kwe-ambient, umswakama wesampula-gas, ukuvikelwa kwe-condensate, noma ukukhiya okunomswakama ophezulu. Rekhoda ukunikezwa okucacisiwe, uhlobo lokukhiphayo, abathintwayo abadluliselwe phambili, i-threshold, impatho yokusetha kabusha, umumo wokufaka, isimo sokucindezela, nesixhumi noma ukuhlelwa kwetheminali.
Uma irekhodi lokuthenga lithi kuphela "i-alamu yomswakama," isisekelo sokwamukela asiphelele. Ilebula efanayo ingakwazi ukumboza amadivayisi anobubanzi obuhlukene bezinzwa, okuphumayo, ukuqonda kwe-alamu, nezimo zemvelo. Ngaphambi kokumemezela ukwehluleka, cela umphakeli ukuthi aqinisekise imodeli ethunyelwe futhi aqhathanise i-nameplate yayo nokucushwa ne-oda.
Isigaba somkhiqizo naso sibalulekile. Idivayisi ezimele esohlwini phakathi amadivaysi e-alamu yegesi ingase ibe nendima yokufaka ehlukile kusukela kusiqaphi somswakama esihlanganiswe kuphaneli yokuhlaziya. Umdwebo wesistimu kufanele ubonise indawo yangempela yokuzwa kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezithintwa i-alamu.
Hlola amandla nezintambo ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqondo yokudlulisela
Ukwehluleka okuningi okubonakalayo kokulethwa kuqala ngokushayisana kukagesi. Qinisekisa ukunikezwa okulinganiselwe ngokuphakelayo kwangempela ngaphambi kokunika amandla iyunithi. Hlola i-polarity lapho kufanele khona, izabelo zetheminali, ukubeka phansi, ukuhlala kwesixhumi, ukuqhubeka kwekhebula, nanoma iyiphi i-fuse noma idivayisi yokuzivikela. Linganisa ukunikezwa kumatheminali e-alamu alayishiwe esikhundleni somthombo wamandla wekhabhinethi kuphela.
Okulandelayo khomba uhlobo lwesiginali. I-red-contact relay, okukhiphayo kwe-analog, nesixhumanisi sokuxhumana kwedijithali kudinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukile. Ukuze uthole okuphumayo kwe-relay, qinisekisa amatheminali avamile, avame ukuvuleka, futhi avamise ukuvaleka. "I-alamu iyasebenza" ingase ivale othintana naye oyedwa noma ivule isekethe engaphumeleli, kuye ngomqondo okuvunyelwene ngawo. Okokufaka kwe-PLC okulungiselelwe isimo esiphambene kungenza idivayisi enempilo ibonakale yethukile unaphakade noma ijwayelekile unaphakade.
Buza ukuthi ingabe ukulahlekelwa amandla kufanele kudale inkomba yephutha. Uma kudingeka ukuziphatha kokwehluleka, kuchaze kushejuli yembangela-nomphumela futhi ukuhlole ngamabomu. Ungashintshi izintambo kuze kube yilapho umdwebo wedivayisi kanye nengqondo yesitshalo seyahlanganiswa.
Qinisekisa indawo yenzwa nendlela yesampula
I-alamu yokuswakama iphendula kuphela kusimo endaweni yayo yokuzwa. Uma ihloselwe ukuthola ukuvela komswakamo kusampula elinesimo, indawo yawo ehlobene nesipholile, isihlukanisi, isihlungi, iphampu, nesihlaziyi kubalulekile. Inzwa efakwe phezulu nomfula wesiteji esifanelekile sokususa umswakama izobona isimo esihlukile kuneyodwa efakiwe ezansi nomfula.
Hlola umzila wesampula ophelele wama-bypass, amavalvu avaliwe, okokufaka okuxekethile, amashubhu avinjiwe, ukugeleza okuhlehlisiwe, imilenze efile, nokuvuza. Qinisekisa ukuthi isampula yegesi ifika egunjini lezinzwa ngokugeleza okulindelekile nokucindezela. Uma isistimu idonswa, ukuvuza komoya kungashintsha isimo somswakama esilinganisiwe. Uma inzwa ihlukaniswe ivalvu noma isifakeli esixhunyiwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi okusebenzayo kungase kungameleli umsebenzi ofakiwe.
Lapho ukulawulwa kwe-condensation kuyingxenye yomklamo, qinisekisa ukusebenza kwe- i-condenser kagesi, i-drain, isihlukanisi, namashubhu ahambisanayo. I-alamu yomswakamo ayikwazi ukunxephezela isibandisi esinganikiwe amandla, idrayivu evinjiwe, noma amashubhu ahanjiswa ngomzila ukuze amachibi ajiye futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ahambe njenge-slug.
Hlukanisa umswakama ophezulu nokuchayeka emanzini awuketshezi
Ukuzwa ukuswakama kanye nokubekezelela uketshezi-amanzi akufani. Inzwa ingase icaciswe ebangeni elibanzi lomswakamo ohlobene nokho lisadinga ukusebenza okungajiki. Uma i-condensate ewuketshezi ifinyelela kusici sokuzwa, impendulo ingase igcwale, inene, ingazinzi, noma icheme okwesikhashana. Isenzo esifanele sincike emiyalweni yedivayisi; ukushisisa okungalawuleki, ukuqaqa, noma ukuhlanzwa kwe-solvent kungabangela omunye umonakalo.
Hlola amagumbi akhanyayo kanye nemisele ukuze uthole amaconsi abonakalayo, kodwa unganciki ekubukekeni kuphela. Rekhoda izinga lokushisa lesampula, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa le-ambient, kanye nezinga lokushisa lomzimba wezinzwa namashubhu. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungahambisa isampula endaweni yayo yamazolo ngisho nalapho isimo senqubo ekhuphuka nomfula singashintshile. Izindawo ezibandayo ngemva kokuthutha noma ukuqaliswa kungase kudale ukufiphala kwesikhashana.
Uma inani lomswakama eliqhubekayo lidingeka kune-alamu elula, qhathanisa umsebenzi odingekayo ne-a umswakama qapha for igesi izinhlelo. Okukhethiwe kufanele kulandele ububanzi bokulinganisa, isimo sesampula, okukhiphayo, okulindelwe impendulo, kanye nendlela yokulungisa—hhayi igama lomkhiqizo lodwa.
Buyekeza umkhawulo, i-hysteresis, ukubambezeleka, nokusetha kabusha
Idivayisi ingaba nempilo ngogesi kodwa ilungiswe ngendlela ehlukile kulokho okulindelekile kusayithi. Hlola umkhawulo we-alamu kanye neyunithi, noma ngabe i-threshold isebenza kumswakama ohlobene noma okunye okuguquguqukayo komswakama, i-hysteresis noma i-deadband, noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka kokwenza kusebenze, ukuziphatha kokuxhuma, kanye nendlela yokusetha kabusha. Qhathanisa izilungiselelo zangempela nohlelo oluvunyiwe lwe-alamu.
Amathreshold kufanele axhunywe kumpahla evikelwe kanye nesimo sesampula esijwayelekile. I-setpoint ekopishwe kwenye iphrojekthi ingase ibangele ama-alamu enkathazo noma yehluleke ukunikeza isixwayiso esiwusizo. Uma i-alamu ivikela i-analyzer, cela umhlaziyi noma umhlinzeki wesistimu ukuthi achaze isimo sokungenisa esamukelekile kanye nempendulo edingekayo lapho umkhawulo weqiwa.
Sebenzisa indlela yokuhlola elawulwayo ukuze uphonsele inselelo iphoyinti lenzwa. Ukuhlola kufanele kube nesimo esaziwayo noma esikalwa ngokuzimela esilungele idivayisi. Ukuphefumula kalula kwinzwa, ukusebenzisa izicubu ezimanzi, noma ukujova isitimu esingalawuleki akubonisi ukunemba futhi kungase kudalule into ekujikeni.
Sebenzisa uphawu ukuze ukhethe isheke lokuqala
| Uphawu olubhekiwe | Amasheke kuqala | Ubufakazi bokuqopha |
| Ayikho inkomba yamandla noma okukhiphayo | Isilinganiso sokuhlinzeka, i-polarity, i-fuse, amatheminali, isixhumi ne-voltage yokulayisha | Imodeli, ukunikezwa okulinganiselwe kanye ne-voltage yetheminali elinganisiwe |
| I-alamu ihlala isebenza | I-logic NO/NC, i-threshold, inzwa emanzi, i-condensate, iphoyinti lokuzwa elingalungile | Isimo sokudlulisa, izilungiselelo, isampula nezimo ze-ambient |
| I-alamu ayilokothi isebenze | Ukugeleza kwesampula, ukudlula, umugqa ovinjiwe, umkhawulo, imephu yokuphumayo | Indlela yokugeleza, indlela yokuphonselwa inselelo nesimo sokufaka se-PLC |
| I-alamu yesikhashana | I-Condensate slugs, izintambo ezixekethile, imijikelezo yokushisa, ukugeleza okungazinzile | Izimo ezinesitembu sesikhathi nokulandelana komcimbi |
| Ukululama kancane | Ukuchayeka koketshezi, ivolumu efile, igumbi elingcolile, setha kabusha ingqondo | Umlando wokuvezwa, isikhathi sokutakula kanye nemiyalelo yedivayisi |
| Isifunda se-PLC asivumelani nesifunda sasendaweni | Ukukhetha othintana naye, ukukala, ukudwetshwa kwerejista, umhlangano ongaphumeleli | Ukulinganisa kwetheminali kanye nokucabanga kwesistimu yokulawula |
Ungasebenzisi ukuxazulula inkinga komswakamo ukuze uvumele isitholi segesi enobuthi
Umswakamo ungathinta indawo yokusebenza kwezinye izinzwa zegesi, kodwa lokho akwenzi i-alamu yokuswakama ithathe indawo yokufaneleka okuqondene negesi. Nge-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia noma i-alamu yokuvuza kwe-chlorine, abathengi kufanele babuyekeze ngokuhlukile igesi eqondiwe, ububanzi, isimiso sezinzwa, indlela yokusabela nokuthola, amaleveli e-alamu, imikhawulo yemvelo, ulwazi olubucayi, igesi yokulinganisa, indlela yokuhlola iqhubu, indawo yokukhweza, okuphumayo, izimfuneko zesitifiketi, nesikhawu sokunakekela.
Umtshina ofanele ungawela ngaphakathi kwe-a umtshina we-alamu yegesi enobuthi ukukhetha. Buza umphakeli ngemininingwane yedatha yemodeli kanye nenqubo yokuqinisekisa. Ungacabangi ukuthi ulwazi lokusebenza lwe-NH3 lusebenza ku-Cl2, noma umtshina ofanele indawo yasendlini ehlanzekile ufanele indawo emanzi, ebolayo, enothuli, noma ejiyayo.
Uma isitholi segesi kanye ne-alamu yomswakama ibamba iqhaza ekuvaleleni okukodwa noma ukulandelana komoya, dala ithebula lembangela-nomphumela. Kufanele ibonise ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi eqala isenzo ngasinye, ileveli ye-alamu, ukubambezeleka, umthetho wokuxhuma, ukusetha kabusha igunya, ukuziphatha okuyiphutha, nendawo ephumayo. Hlola okokufaka ngakunye ngokuzimela ngaphambi kokuhlola ukulandelana okuhlanganisiwe.
Hlola ezokuthutha, isitoreji, nomlando wokufaka
Iyunithi ephumelele ukuhlolwa komhlinzeki isengafika nesixhumi esixegayo, ikhebula elimele, igumbi elingcolile, noma ushintsho lokumisa. Rekhoda isimo sokupakisha, ubufakazi bokushaqeka noma umswakama, ubude besikhathi okugcinwa kuso, indawo okugcinwa kuyo, kanye nesikhawu phakathi kokukhipha nokukhipha. Qhathanisa imodeli etholiwe, inombolo ye-serial, izesekeli, kanye nemibhalo nohlu lokupakisha.
Vumela idivayisi ukuthi ifinyelele esimweni esicacisiwe sokufaka ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunyakaza phakathi kwezindawo ezibandayo nezifudumele. Hlola ama-seal, ama-tubing caps, izinto ezifakwayo, namagumbi enzwa ngaphandle kokuvula ama-assembly avikelekile ngokungenasidingo. Thatha isithombe sokuma okufakiwe nokuxhumana ukuze umphakeli akwazi ukuhlola ukusetha ekude.
Izinguquko zokufaka kufanele zilawulwe. Uma ubude bekhebula, ukunikezwa kwamandla, isampula yeshubhu, ilungiselelo elipholile, noma ingqondo ye-PLC ihluka ekuhlolweni kwasembonini, rekhoda ukuchezuka. Ukuxazulula inkinga kuyashesha uma umphakeli angabona kahle ukuthi yini eshintshile phakathi kokuthunyelwa nesayithi.
Yenza ukuhlolwa okufakwe kusiteji kokugunyazwa nokwamukela
Ukugunyazwa kufanele kuhlukanise okuguquguqukayo. Okokuqala qinisekisa imodeli nokucushwa. Okwesibili qinisekisa amandla kanye nokukhiphayo kwasendaweni. Okwesithathu sebenzisa isimo somswakama esilawulwayo esifanele idivayisi. Okwesine qinisekisa i-relay, i-analog, noma isignali yedijithali kusilawuli esamukelayo. Okwesihlanu hlola isenzo se-alamu, ukusetha kabusha, nokuziphatha kokuphelelwa amandla. Okokugcina, sebenzisa idivayisi endleleni yesampula yangempela bese uyibheka ngokusebenzisa izinguquko zokusebenza ezimele.
Chaza indlela yokupasa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise isimo esidingekayo ngezansi nangaphezulu kwephoyinti elimisiwe, izikhathi ezivumelekile zokuvula nezikhathi zokuthola kabusha, indlela yokudlulisa ulwazi, inani elibonisiwe noma elidlulisiwe lapho kufanele khona, kanye nokuphendula okufanele kwesitshalo. Sebenzisa imiyalelo yomkhiqizi kanye nencazelo yephrojekthi ngamavelu; ungaqambi imikhawulo yokwamukela esizeni.
Ulwazi okufanele luthunyelwe ngombiko wokwehluleka
- Imodeli yomkhiqizo, inombolo yomkhiqizo, ireferensi yokuthenga, nedatha egunyaziwe
- Isilinganiso sokuhlinzeka kanye ne-voltage elinganisiwe kudivayisi
- Umdwebo wezintambo, izilinganiso zetheminali, kanye ne-PLC noma i-DCS logic
- I-Threshold, i-hysteresis, ukubambezeleka, i-latch, nokusetha kabusha izilungiselelo
- Izithombe zokufakwa, umumo, isampula yeshubhu, i-cooler, kanye ne-drain
- Ukucindezela okuyisampula, ukugeleza, izinga lokushisa, isimo somswakama, nokubonwa kwe-condensate
- Uphawu olunesitembu sesikhathi, indlela yokuphonselwa inselelo, nezinyathelo esezithathiwe
Uphenyo olumele ukulethwa
Isimo esimela abanye — hhayi icala lekhasimende elifunwayo.
I-alamu yokuswakama kwephaneli ibonisa isimo sendawo esivamile, kodwa isistimu yokulawula ibonisa i-alamu engaguquki ngemva kokulethwa. Idivayisi ekuqaleni isolwa ngokuthi inesici. Ukuhlolwa kwetheminali kubonisa ukuthi okokufaka kwe-PLC bekufakwe intambo kothintana naye ovamise ukuvaleka kuyilapho ingqondo yokulawula ilindele isignali evame ukuvuleka. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ziyasebenza, kodwa umhlangano wesixhumi esibonakalayo awukaze ulungiswe ekucacisweni kokuthenga.
Umthengi urekhoda ifilosofi ye-alamu egunyaziwe, iphinde ixhume kabusha ngemva kokugunyazwa, futhi ihlola izimo ezivamile, i-alamu, ukusetha kabusha, kanye nezimo zokulahlekelwa amandla. Idokhumenti yokwamukela ibuyekezwa nezinombolo zetheminali kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka kokuphepha. Ukulungiswa kubhekana nembangela futhi kuvimbela ukungaqondakali okufanayo kumayunithi ashintshayo.
FAQ
Ingabe i-alamu yomswakama ingathola ukuvuza kwe-ammonia?
Cha. Ithola ukuswakama noma isimo somswakama, hhayi ukugxila kwe-NH3. Ukuvuza kwe-ammonia kudinga umtshina okhethiwe futhi uqinisekiswe i-ammonia. I-alamu yomswakamo ingase isekele ukuvikelwa kwesampula-conditioning noma ukuqapha indawo ezungezile, kodwa ayikwazi ukumiselela i-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia.
Ingabe i-alamu yokuvuza kwe-chlorine iyafana ne-alamu yokuvuza kwe-ammonia?
Cha. Amagesi aqondiwe, ukukhethwa kwezinzwa, ububanzi, ukuzwela okuphambene, ukulinganisa noma indlela yokuhlola, nezimo zesayithi kufanele zihlolwe ngokwehlukana. Abathengi kufanele bacele imodeli yomtshina okuyiyonayona kanye nedatha yayo eyisekelayo ye-Cl2 noma i-NH3 kunokwamukela incazelo yegesi enobuthi evamile.
Kungani i-alamu ihlala isebenza ngemva kokoma kwesampula?
Izimbangela ezingaba khona zihlanganisa ukuchayeka koketshezi, umswakama ovaleleke egumbini noma kushubhu, i-hysteresis, ukubambezeleka kokwenza kusebenze, ukuqondana kokuxhuma, iphutha lokusetha i-threshold ephezulu, noma ukutolikwa okuphambene kokudlulisa. Rekhoda izimo bese ulandela ukutholwa kwedivayisi bese usetha kabusha imiyalelo ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi inzwa yehlulekile.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kukagesi kokuqala ngemva kokubeletha?
Qinisekisa imodeli elethiwe kanye nokunikezwa okulinganiselwe, bese ukala i-voltage kumatheminali ayo ngaphansi komthwalo. Qinisekisa i-polarity, izabelo zetheminali, i-relay evamile noxhumana nabo be-NO/NC, uhlobo lwesiginali, nokucabanga kwesistimu yokwamukela. Unganciki kuphela kumalebula ekhabethe noma imibala yezintambo.
Ingabe abathengi kufanele bahlole i-alamu yomswakama ngokufaka amanzi?
Hhayi ngaphandle uma inqubo yomkhiqizi ikuvumela ngokuqondile. Amanzi awuketshezi angase agcwale noma alimaze inzwa ehloselwe umswakama ongajiki. Sebenzisa isimo senselele elawulwayo kanye nesithenjwa esizimele esifanele isimiso sokulinganisa nobubanzi bedivayisi.
Umthengi kufanele acele nini ukushintshwa esikhundleni sokulungiswa kabusha?
Cela ukuhlolwa komphakeli ngemva kokuba imodeli, ukunikezwa, izintambo, izilungiselelo, ukufakwa, isimo sesampula, nendlela yokuhlola kubhaliwe. Ukushintshwa kufanelekile uma ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi iyunithi elethiwe ayilungile, yonakele, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo eshiwo, noma ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nencazelo egunyaziwe.
Thumela ubufakazi ngaphambi kokucela ukushintshwa
Ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe okusheshayo, thumela i-SINZEN imodeli yomkhiqizo, inombolo ye-serial, ireferensi ye-oda, umsebenzi ogunyaziwe, idatha yamandla nezintambo, izilungiselelo ze-alamu, izimo zesampula, izithombe zokufaka, umugqa wesikhathi wezimpawu, nemiphumela yokuhlola elawulwayo. Thumela iphakheji ngokusebenzisa SINZEN ikhasi lokuxhumana futhi usho ukuthi ingabe udinga ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga, ukuhlolwa kokumiselela, noma ukukhethwa kwedivayisi okubuyekeziwe.
