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Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Yakabudiswa: Kugadzirwa Kwekutarisa Dhata kutarisana neHupenyu Hupenyu Kurambidzwa kubva kuProfession

2025-11-26

The Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Monitoring ichangobva kuziviswa zviri pamutemo uye ichatanga kushanda musi wa 1 Ndira 2026. Uyu murairo wekutonga, unosanganisira 6,211 mavara muzvikamu zvinomwe, unogadza hurongwa hwakakwana uye hwakasimba hwekutarisira kugadzirisa nyaya dzagara dziripo mukati meiyo ecological uye yemamiriro ekunze ekuongorora, zvinosanganisira kusajeka kwe data data.

Iyo Mitemo haingotsanangure mabasa emapato ese ane chekuita asi zvakare nekugadzira yechitatu-bato remasangano mafaera system uye yekutarisa kiredhiti yekuongorora hurongwa, nekudaro ichigadzira chakasimba chinodzivirira kubva kune hunyengeri maitiro ekutarisisa data.

01 Zvitanhatu Zvinonyanya Kukosha: Kugadzira Hurongwa Hutsva hweMatarisiro Ekutarisa

Kushambadzwa kweEcological Environment Monitoring Regulations kunozadza gaka remutemo muChina yakazara ecology yekutarisa nharaunda. Kuongorora zvinyorwa zvizere kunoratidza zvitanhatu zvakakosha izvo zvinozopesvedzera zvakanyanya maitiro ekushanda emasangano ehurumende, mabhizinesi, uye echitatu-bato rinoongorora.

Kurwiswa kwakasimba kwetsika dzechitsotsi kunomira sechinhu chinonyanya kutariswa. Kubva pakugadzirisa hurongwa hwekuzvidavirira uye kujekesa tsananguro dzemaitiro kusvika pakushandisa hurongwa hwezvirango zviviri, mirairo inovaka nzira yekurwisa hutsotsi.

Kugadzwa kwechirongwa chekunyoresa chebato rechitatu uye hurongwa hwekuongorora zvikwereti zvinosanganisa huzivi hwekutarisa hwakakwana hunobva kune kwaunobva kuenda kuhurongwa. Zvichakadaro, iwo akatsanangurwa akatsanangurwa ezve bhizinesi rekuzviongorora zvinodiwa uye kusimbiswa kwemabasa ekutarisa anoenderera mberi kutsanangura miganhu yebasa kune ese mapato.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndezvirango zvakawedzerwa zvemutemo zvekuongorora kutyorwa kwemhosva, izvo zvinoenderana nemutemo wemhosva. Izvi zvinosimbisa maitiro emutemo ekushandisa iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa pamutemo chimiro chekuchengetedza nharaunda.

02 Kupwanya Zvakaoma: Mhando shanu dzekubiridzira dzakafumurwa

Huchokwadi hwekutarisisa data ndiyo nzira yehupenyu yezvakatipoteredza uye nharaunda manejimendi. Iyo Mitemo inotora danho rekushivirira zero pakunyepedzera kwedata, kuruka chikeji chakasimba chesangano kubva kune akati wandei.

MuGeneral Provisions, Mitemo inoda zviri pachena kuti hurumende dzemunharaunda pamatanho ese atange nekuvandudza masisitimu emutoro uye nzira dzekushanda dzekudzivirira nekuranga manyepo e data rekuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza uye kwezvakatipoteredza, kusimbisa dziviriro panzvimbo yekutonga.

Mitemo iyi inotaura zvakananga kuti hurumende dzematunhu, madhipatimendi akakodzera, makambani, uye masangano haafanire kurayira zviri pachena kana kuti nekunyepa kwedata rekuongorora, zvichibvisa kumanikidza kwekunze kwekubiridzira.

Nezve vechitatu-bato rekuona masangano, Chisungo chemakumi matatu nembiri chinotsanangura zvakananga mhando shanu dzehutsotsi:

Chekutanga, kuburitsa mareport ekutarisa pasina kuita ongororo chaiyo; chechipiri, kukanganisa kana kugadzira marekodhi ekutanga ekutarisa uye data; chechitatu, kusiya nemaune zvinhu zvekutarisa kana kushandura mamiriro ekutarisa;

Chechina, kuchinjanisa masampuli ekutarisa kana kusandura nzvimbo dzesampling, nguva, nezvimwewo, zvichikanganisa nharaunda yesampling kana zviitiko; Chechishanu, kupa data rekutarisa risiri iro kuburikidza nekushanda kusiri kwemazuva ese, kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo yekutarisisa, kana kushandurwa kusingatenderwe kwekutarisa michina parameter marongero.

Kuitwa kweiyo 'mbiri yechirango system' inoisa mhedzisiro yakaoma kune avo vanogadzira data. Masangano ebato rechitatu anotarisana nezvirango zvinosanganisira faindi dzinotangira pa100,000 kusvika pa500,000 yuan; pamhosva dzakakomba, faindi dze500,000 kusvika 2,000,000 yuan dzinoiswa pamwe nekurambidzwa kupa masevhisi ekutarisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvirango zvinotemerwa vanhu vakuru vane mutoro uye vashandi vanozvidavirira vemasangano, nefaindi dzinotangira pa ¥10,000 kusvika ¥50,000 uye kurambidzwa kwemakore mashanu kuita mabasa ekutarisa; pamhosva dzakakomba, kurambidzwa kwemakore gumi kunoshanda. Uko kunenge kuine mhosva, mhosva ichateverwa, zvichikonzera kurambidzwa kwehupenyu hwose kuita mabasa ekuongorora.

03 Miitiro Inovandudza: Dual-Drive Nzira yeKuisa uye Kuongorora Kwechikwereti

Mitemo inounza nzira itsva dzekutonga nekutanga hurongwa hwekuisa mafaera kune vechitatu-bato rekutarisa masangano uye yekutarisa kiredhiti evaluation system, ichiisa hwaro hwemasangano ekusimudzira zviyero zveindasitiri.

Zvichienderana neChisungo 28, vanopa masevhisi ehunyanzvi vanoita mabasa ekutarisa vanofanirwa kunyoresa kune vane hunyanzvi hwezvakatipoteredza uye zviremera zvezvakatipoteredza, vaine zvivakwa zvinodiwa, zvishandiso, hunyanzvi hwekuita, vashandi, uye masimba ekutonga.

Masangano akanyoreswa anofanira kuendesa magwaro ekuita. Vakuru vane hunyanzvi hwezvakatipoteredza uye zvezvakatipoteredza vachaburitsa pachena masangano akanyoreswa, zvisungo zvavo zvekunyora, uye huwandu hwemashandiro, vachipa ruzivo rwekunyoresa ruzivo masevhisi kukwidziridza nharaunda.

Saizvozvo, iyo mirau inoraira kugadzwa kweiyo ecological uye yezvakatipoteredza yekutarisa kiredhiti yekuongorora system. Kutyorwa kwemitemo nemirau kwakakodzera kucharekodhwa mumafaira echikwereti zvinoenderana nemutemo uye kubatanidzwa muNational Credit Information Sharing Platform.

Vakuru vane hunyanzvi hwezvakatipoteredza uye zvezvakatipoteredza vanozoisa tarisiro yakaganhurwa uye yakakamurwa zvichienderana nechiyero, kugona kwehunyanzvi, uye chimiro chechikwereti chevatatu-bato rekuongorora. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekutungamira masangano kuenda kubudiriro yakasimudzwa, kuwedzera hunyanzvi zviyero, uye kusimbisa kuvimbika kwemusika.

04 Kutsanangurwa kwakajeka kwemabasa: mabhizinesi nehurumende imwe neimwe inoita mabasa avo

Mitemo inotara zvakajeka miganhu pakati pehurumende yekuongorora veruzhinji uye kuzviongorora kwebhizinesi, nekudaro ichijekesa mabasa emapato ese.

Mabhizinesi nemasangano anofanirwa kuzviongorora ega ekusvibisa uye greenhouse gasi kubuda kubva mukugadzira kwavo nekuita mabasa anoenderana nemutemo. Makiyi ekutarisisa mapoinzi achaisa nekushandisa vhidhiyo yekutarisa michina sezvakarongwa, inobatanidza kune ecological ecological environment authority' network.

Mabhizinesi achaita zvechinyakare kuchengetedza, sevhisi, uye nguva nenguva calibration yemidziyo yekutarisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo. Chero chipi zvacho chinokanganisa mu otomatiki yekutarisa kuendesa data kunofanirwa kutaurwa nekukasira, kuongororwa, uye kugadziriswa.

Chinodiwa chekuchengeta marekodhi ekutanga ekutarisa kweanokwana makore mashanu zvinogadzira nzira yenguva refu yekutsvagisa mhosva.

Hurumende nemadhipatimendi akakodzera anofanirwa kuita nekushingaira mabasa ekutarisa veruzhinji, anosanganisira ecology uye ezvakatipoteredza kunaka kwekutarisa, ecology uye ezvakatipoteredza kutarisa kwekutarisa, uye kuongorora kwechimbichimbi panguva yezviitiko zvakangoerekana zvaitika.

Mitemo iyi inorayira kukwidziridzwa uye kutariswa kwezvese kusvibisa masosi, nekutarisa mhedzisiro inoumba hwaro hwekupa kwakakodzera kurudziro, zvinodiwa, kana kuita sarudzo dzemabatiro kumasangano ane hanya kana vanhu.

Supervisory monitoring inoshanda sehwaro hwakakosha hwekutevedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvinongoita mudzidzisi asingakwanisi kuvimba nekuzviongorora chete kuti aone mashandiro emudzidzi, kutariswa kwevatariri kunoumba ‘bvunzo yakavharwa’ yemabhizinesi.

05 A Rigorous Legal Framework: Coordinated Criminal, Civil and Administrative Liability

Mitemo pamusoro peEcological and Environmental Monitoring, pamwe chete nemutemo unoenderana, inogadza hwaro hwemutemo hwakasimba.

Mitemo pachayo inotaura zvikwereti zvepamutemo, nepo Chinyorwa 229 cheCriminal Law Amendment (XI), kutanga 1 Kurume 2021, ichangobva kutara kuti vashandi vanobva kune vechitatu-bato rekuona masangano vanopa nemaune data rekuongorora kana mishumo, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba, atongerwe kugara mujeri kwenguva yakatarwa uye kupfigirwa makore mashanu kana kusungwa asingapfuuri makore mashanu.

Dudziro paNyaya Dzakati wandei Nezve Kushandiswa kweMutemo muKubata Nyaya Dzekusvibiswa Kwenzvimbo, yakapihwa pamwe chete neDare Repamusorosoro reVanhu uye neSupreme People's Procuratorate uye inoshanda kubva 15 Nyamavhuvhu 2023, inotsanangura zvakare mamiriro ezvinhu anobvumidza mhosva.

Kana zvakawanikwa zvisiri pamutemo zvinodarika RMB 300,000, kana kuti munhu akagamuchira chirango chekutonga kaviri kana kudarika mukati memakore maviri nekupa ruzivo rwemanyepo kana mishumo uye akapara mhosva yechitatu, achatongerwa kugara mujeri kwenguva isingapfuuri makore mashanu kana kuvharirwa.

Zvisungo izvi, kuwirirana nezvikwereti zvekutonga pasi peMitemo, zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wekutarisa kutyorwa uye zvinopa simba rekudzivirira kune vangangoita vatadzi.

Sezvo 2026 inosvika, hurumende pamatanho ese, mabhizinesi anosvibisa, uye vanotarisisa vanopa masevhisi vanofanirwa kuronga kumberi kugadzirisa masisitimu ekutonga uye kuenzanisa maitiro ekutarisa zvinoenderana neMitemo.

Kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza hakuchisiri ingwe isina mazino; manyepo ekuongorora data zvino achasangana nezvirango zvakakomba zvinosanganisira kurambidzwa kwehupenyu hwose kubva pabasa.

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