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Melawana ea Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho le Tikoloho e Fanoe: Ho Iphapanya ha Boitsebiso ba Tlhokomelo ho Tobana le Thibelo ea Bophelo Bohle ho tsoa Mosebetsing

2025-11-26

The Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Monitoring e sa tsoa phatlalatsoa ka molao 'me e tla qala ho sebetsa ka la 1 January 2026. Taolo ena ea tsamaiso, e nang le litlhaku tse 6,211 likhaolong tse supileng, e theha moralo o pharaletseng le o tiileng oa tsamaiso ho rarolla mathata a nako e telele ka har'a lefapha la tikoloho le tikoloho le tlhokomelo e sa hlakang, ho kenyeletsa le lefapha la tlhokomelo ea tikoloho le tikoloho, ho kenyeletsa le lintlha tse sa hlakang.

Melawana ha e hlalose feela boikarabelo ba mahlakore ohle a amehang empa hape e thehile ka boqhetseke tsamaiso ya difaele tsa ditheo tsa mokga wa boraro le mokgwa wa ho lekola mekitlane, ka hona e thea sethibelo se matla kgahlanong le diketso tsa boqhekanyetsi mabapi le ho lekola datha.

01 Lintlha-khōlō tse Tšeletseng: Ho Theha Moralo o Mocha oa Tsamaiso ea Tlhokomelo

 

Phatlalatso ea Melawana ea Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho ea Tikoloho e tlatsa lekhalo la molao lekaleng la China le felletseng la ho lekola tikoloho. Ho hlahloba sengoloa ka botlalo ho senola lintlha tse tšeletseng tsa mantlha tse tla susumetsa haholo mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea mekhatlo ea mmuso, likhoebo, le mekhatlo ea batho ba bang e behang leihlo.

 

Khatello e matla ea mekhoa ea bomenemene e eme e le eona ntho e hlahelletseng haholo. Ho tloha ho theheng meralo ea boikarabello le ho hlakisa litlhaloso tsa boitšoaro ho isa ho ts'ebetsong tsamaiso ea likotlo tse peli, melaoana e theha mokhoa o phethahetseng oa ho thibela bomenemene.

 

Ho theoa ha tsamaiso ea ngoliso ea setsi sa mokha oa boraro le mokhoa oa ho lekola tlhahlobo ea mekitlane o kenyelletsa filosofi e akaretsang ea bolebeli ho tloha mohloling ho isa ts'ebetsong. Ho sa le joalo, lintlha tse qaqileng bakeng sa litlhoko tsa ho itlhahloba le ho toboketsa mesebetsi ea bolebeli li boetse li hlakisa meeli ea boikarabello bakeng sa mekha eohle.

 

Ho hlokomelehang haholo ke likotlo tse matlafatsoang ke molao bakeng sa ho beha leihlo litlolo tsa molao, tse amanang le melaoana ea botlokotsebe. Sena se totobatsa mokhoa oa molao oa ho sebelisa moralo o thata ka ho fetisisa oa molao ho sireletsa tikoloho ea tikoloho.

02 Ho Penya ka Thata: Mefuta e Mehlano ea Bomenemene e pepesitsoe

 

Bonnete ba lintlha tsa ho beha leihlo ke mokhoa oa bophelo oa taolo ea tikoloho le tikoloho. Melawana e amohela boemo ba ho se mamelle bofokodi ba datha, e loha lesaka le tiileng la setheo ho tloha mekgahlelong e mengata.

 

Ho Lipehelo tse Akaretsang, Melao e hloka ka ho hlaka hore mebuso ea libaka maemong ohle e thehe le ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa boikarabello le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea ho thibela le ho otla leshano la data ea tlhahlobo ea tikoloho le tikoloho, ho matlafatsa ts'ireletso mohloling oa taolo.

 

Melawana e hlalosa ka ho hlaka hore mebuso ya lehae, mafapha a amehang, dikgwebo, le ditheo ha di a tshwanela ho kopa ka ho hlaka kapa ka tsela e sa totobalang hore boitsebiso bo hlahlojwe bo fosahetse, ka hona ho tlose kgatello ya ka ntle bakeng sa bomenemene.

 

Mabapi le mekhatlo ea boraro ea ho beha leihlo, Article 32 e hlalosa ka ho hlaka mefuta e mehlano ea bomenemene:

Ntlha ea pele, ho fana ka litlaleho tsa ho beha leihlo ntle le ho beha leihlo; ea bobeli, ho senya kapa ho etsa lirekoto le lintlha tsa mantlha tsa ho beha leihlo; ea boraro, ho siea lintho tsa ho beha leihlo ka boomo kapa ho fetola maemo a ho beha leihlo;

 

Ea bone, ho fapanyetsana lisampole tsa tlhahlobo kapa ho fetola libaka tsa lisampole ntle ho mabaka, linako, joalo-joalo, ka hona ho kena-kenana le tikoloho kapa mesebetsi ea lisampole; Ea bohlano, ho etsa hore data ea ho beha leihlo e fosahetse ka ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang, tšenyo ea lisebelisoa tsa ho beha leihlo, kapa phetoho e sa lumelloeng ea litlhophiso tsa paramethara ea lisebelisoa.

 

Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha ‘tsamaiso ya dikotlo tse pedi’ ho na le ditlamorao tse matla ho ba qapang boitsebiso. Mekhatlo ea mekhatlo ea boraro e tobana le likotlo tse kenyelletsang likotlo tse tlohang ho 100,000 ho isa ho 500,000 yuan; bakeng sa litlolo tse tebileng, likotlo tsa li-yuan tse 500,000 ho isa ho tse 2,000,000 li behoa hammoho le thibelo ea ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa ho beha leihlo.

 

Ho feta moo, likotlo li behiloe ho batho ba ka sehloohong ba ikarabellang le basebetsi ba ikarabellang ba litsi, ka likotlo tse tlohang ho ¥10,000 ho isa ho ¥50,000 le thibelo ea lilemo tse hlano ea ho kenya letsoho litšebeletsong tsa ho beha leihlo; bakeng sa linyeoe tse tebileng, thibelo ea lilemo tse leshome e sebetsa. Moo litlōlo tsa molao li entsoeng, ho tla lateloa boikarabelo ba tlōlo ea molao, e leng se tla fella ka thibelo ea bophelo bohle ba ho kopanela litšebeletsong tsa ho beha leihlo.

03 Mekhoa e Mecha ea Boitlhakiso: Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Likoloto tse peli tsa ho Faela le Tlhahlobo ea Mokitlane

 

Melawana e tsebahatsa mekgwa e metjha ya taolo ka ho theha mokgwa wa ho kenya difaele bakeng sa ditheo tsa batho ba boraro tse behang leihlo le mokgwa wa ho lekola mekitlane, ho rala motheo wa setheo bakeng sa ho matlafatsa maemo a kakaretso a indasteri.

 

Ho latela Article 28, bafani ba lits'ebeletso tsa tekheniki ba etsang lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahlobo ba tlameha ho ingolisa le balaoli ba nang le bokhoni ba tikoloho le tikoloho, ba nang le lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang, lisebelisoa, bokhoni ba setegeniki, basebetsi le matla a taolo.

 

Litsi tse ngolisitsoeng li tlameha ho fana ka boitlamo bo ngotsoeng. Ba boholong ba nang le bokhoni ba tikoloho le tikoloho ba tla hlahisa litsi tse ngolisitsoeng phatlalatsa, boitlamo ba bona bo ngotsoeng, le boholo ba ts'ebetso, ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa lipotso tsa ngoliso ho phahamisa tlhokomelo ea sechaba.

 

Ka nako e tšoanang, melaoana e laela hore ho thehoe tsamaiso ea tlhahlobo ea mekoloto ea tikoloho le tikoloho. Ditlolo tse amehang tsa melao le melawana di tla rekotwa difaeleng tsa mekitlane ho ya ka dipehelo tsa molao mme di kenngwe Sebakeng sa Naha sa Kabelo ya Ditsebiso tsa Mekitlane.

 

Ba boholong ba nang le bokhoni ba tikoloho le tikoloho ba tla kenya ts'ebetsong tlhokomelo e hlophisitsoeng le e arotsoeng ho latela boholo, bokhoni ba tekheniki, le boemo ba sekoloto ba mekhatlo ea boraro ea ho beha leihlo. Mokhoa ona o ikemiselitse ho tataisa litsi mabapi le nts'etsopele e pharalletseng, ho ntlafatsa maemo a profeshenale, le ho matlafatsa ts'epo ea 'maraka.

04 Tlhaloso e hlakileng ea boikarabello: likhoebo le mmuso e mong le e mong o phethahatsa mesebetsi ea hae

 

Melawana e qolla ka ho hlaka mellwane pakeng tsa ho lekola setjhaba sa mmuso le ho itekola ha dikgwebo, ka hona e hlakisa boikarabelo ba mekga yohle.

 

Likhoebo le litsi li tlameha ho itekola ka botsona ho tsoa ha likhase tse silafatsang le tse futhumatsang lefatše ho tsoa mesebetsing ea tsona ea tlhahiso le ts'ebetso ho latela molao. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho beha leihlo li tla kenya le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho lebela livideo joalo ka ha ho boletsoe, ho hokela marang-rang a ba boholong tikolohong.

 

Likhoebo li tla etsa tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng, ho fana ka litšebeletso, le ho lekanya nako le nako lisebelisoa tsa ho beha leihlo ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle. Liphoso life kapa life tsa phetiso ea data ea boiketsetso li tlameha ho tlalehoa, ho batlisisoa, le ho lokisoa.

 

Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka lirekoto tsa ho beha leihlo bonyane lilemo tse hlano e theha mokhoa oa nako e telele oa ho latella melato.

 

Mmuso le mafapha a amehang a tlameha ho phethahatsa mesebetsi ya setjhaba ya ho beha leihlo ka tjantjello, ho kenyeletswa ho lekola boleng ba tikoloho le tikoloho, bodisa ba tikoloho le tikoloho, le ho beha leihlo maemong a tshohanyetso nakong ya diketsahalo tsa tshohanyetso tsa tikoloho le tikoloho.

 

Melawana e laela ka ho kgetheha bolebedi bo matlafaditsweng le ho beha leihlo mehlodi yohle ya tshilafalo, mme diphetho tsa ho beha leihlo di thea motheo wa ho fana ka dikgothaletso, ditlhoko, kapa ho etsa diqeto tsa ho sebetsana le ditheo tse amehang kapa batho ka bomong.

 

Tlhokomelo ea bolaoli e sebetsa e le motheo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea tikoloho le tikoloho. Joalo ka ha tichere e ke ke ea itšetleha feela ka boitlhahlobo ho bona hore na moithuti o sebetsa hantle hakae, ho beha leihlo leihlo ke ‘tlhahlobo ea libuka tse koetsoeng’ bakeng sa likhoebo.

05 Moralo o Tiileng oa Molao: Boikarabello bo Kopantsoeng ba Botlokotsebe, Sechaba le Tsamaiso

 

Melawana ya Tekolo ya Tikoloho le Tikoloho, mmoho le melao e amehang, e theha moralo o tiileng wa molao.

 

Melao ka boeona e fana ka mekoloto e matla ea molao, athe Article 229 ea Criminal Law Amendment (XI), e tla qala ka la 1 Hlakubele 2021, e sa tsoa bolela hore basebetsi ba tsoang mekhatlong ea batho ba bang ba fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling e fosahetseng kapa litlaleho ba tla ahloleloa ho hlola chankaneng nako e sa lekanyetsoang kapa lilemo tse hlano.

 

Tlhaloso ea Litabeng tse 'maloa Malebana le Tšebeliso ea Molao oa ho Sebelisana le Linyeoe tsa Botlokotsebe tsa Tšilafalo ea Tikoloho, e fanoeng ka kopanelo ke Lekhotla le Phahameng la Batho le Boemeli ba Batho ba Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa le ho qala ka la 15 Phato 2023, e tsoela pele ho hlakisa maemo a fanang ka boikarabello ba botlokotsebe.

 

Moo phaello e seng molaong e fetang RMB 300,000, kapa moo motho a fumaneng likotlo tsa tsamaiso habeli kapa ho feta nakong ea lilemo tse peli bakeng sa ho fana ka data kapa litlaleho tse fosahetseng le ho etsa tlolo ea molao ea boraro, o tla ahloleloa ho hlola chankaneng nako e sa feteng lilemo tse hlano kapa ho koalloa teronkong.

 

Litokisetso tsena, li sebelisana le melato ea tsamaiso tlas'a Melawana, li eketsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa ho beha tlolo ea molao leihlo 'me li na le phello e matla ho bafosi ba ka bang teng.

 

Ha 2026 e ntse e atamela, mebuso maemong ohle, likhoebo tse silafatsang, le ho beha bafani ba litšebeletso leihlo ba tlameha ho rera esale pele ho nchafatsa litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso le ho tiisa mekhoa ea ho beha leihlo ho latela Melawana.

 

Tlhokomelo ea tikoloho ha e sa le nkoe e se nang meno; data ea ho beha leihlo e fosahetseng joale e tla tobana le likotlo tse matla ho kenyelletsa le thibelo ea bophelo bohle ho tsoa mosebetsing.

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