Amakuru

Amabwiriza yerekeye gukurikirana ibidukikije n’ibidukikije Yatanzwe: Guhimba amakuru yo gukurikirana kugirango uhangane nubuzima bwose kubuza umwuga

2025-11-26

Amabwiriza yerekeye gukurikirana ibidukikije n’ibidukikije aherutse gutangazwa ku mugaragaro kandi azatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026.Aya mabwiriza y’ubuyobozi, agizwe n’inyuguti 6.211 mu bice birindwi, ashyiraho uburyo bunoze kandi bukomeye bwo gucunga kugira ngo bukemure ibibazo bimaze igihe biri mu nzego zishinzwe gukurikirana ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, harimo kubeshya amakuru, kubazwa neza, no kugenzura bidahagije.

Amabwiriza ntagaragaza gusa inshingano z’impande zose zireba ahubwo anashyiraho udushya hashyirwaho uburyo bw’abandi bantu batanga uburyo bwo kugenzura inguzanyo hamwe na gahunda yo kugenzura inguzanyo, bityo hagashyirwaho ingamba zikomeye zo gukumira ibikorwa by’uburiganya mu gukurikirana amakuru.

01 Ibintu bitandatu byingenzi byingenzi: Gushiraho urwego rushya rwo gukurikirana imiyoborere

Itangazwa ry’amabwiriza agenga igenzura ry’ibidukikije ryuzuza icyuho cy’amategeko mu nzego z’Ubushinwa zishinzwe gukurikirana ibidukikije. Gusubiramo inyandiko yuzuye byerekana ibintu bitandatu byingenzi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yinzego za leta, ibigo, ninzego zishinzwe gukurikirana.

Igikorwa cyo gukaza umurego ibikorwa byuburiganya nicyo cyibandwaho cyane. Kuva hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kubazwa no gusobanura ibisobanuro byimyitwarire kugeza gushyira mubikorwa ibihano bibiri, amabwiriza yubaka uburyo bunoze bwo kurwanya ruswa.

Ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yo kwandikisha ikigo cya gatatu hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura inguzanyo ikubiyemo filozofiya yo kugenzura ibintu byose biva mu kindi. Hagati aho, ibisobanuro birambuye ku bisabwa byo kugenzura imishinga no gushimangira imirimo yo kugenzura bikomeza gusobanura imipaka y’inshingano ku mpande zose.

By'umwihariko, icy'ingenzi ni aya mabwiriza yongerewe ibihano byo gukurikirana ihohoterwa, rihuza n’amategeko ahana. Ibi bishimangira icyerekezo cyamategeko cyo gukoresha amategeko akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

02 Gucika intege: Ubwoko butanu bwuburiganya bwashyizwe ahagaragara

Ukuri kugenzura amakuru ni inzira yubuzima bwo gucunga ibidukikije n’ibidukikije. Amabwiriza akurikiza imyifatire yo kutihanganirana na gato ku bijyanye no kubeshya amakuru, kuboha akazu gakomeye kuva mu nzego nyinshi.

Mu ngingo rusange, Amabwiriza arasaba mu buryo bweruye inzego z’ibanze mu nzego zose gushyiraho no kunoza imikorere y’inshingano n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukumira no guhana ibinyoma by’amakuru y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, ashimangira uburyo bwo kwirwanaho buturuka ku buyobozi.

Aya mabwiriza ateganya mu buryo bwihariye ko inzego z’ibanze, inzego zibishinzwe, ibigo, n’ibigo bitagomba gusaba mu buryo bweruye cyangwa butaziguye kwibeshya ku makuru y’ikurikiranabikorwa, bityo bikavaho igitutu cyo hanze cy’uburiganya.

Kubireba inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana igice cya gatatu, ingingo ya 32 isobanura byumwihariko ubwoko butanu bwimyitwarire yuburiganya:

Icya mbere, gutanga raporo zo gukurikirana udakoze igenzura nyaryo; icya kabiri, kunyereza cyangwa guhimba inyandiko zumwimerere zo gukurikirana namakuru; icya gatatu, kureka nkana ibintu byo gukurikirana cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo gukurikirana;

Icya kane, guhinduranya icyitegererezo cyangwa guhinduranya uko wishakiye ahantu, ibihe, nibindi, bityo bikabangamira ibidukikije cyangwa ibikorwa; Icya gatanu, gutanga amakuru yo gukurikirana bidahwitse binyuze mubikorwa bidasanzwe, kwangiza ibikoresho byo gukurikirana, cyangwa guhindura uruhushya rutemewe rwo kugenzura ibikoresho.

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya 'dual penalti system' rishyiraho ingaruka zikomeye kubantu bahimba amakuru. Ibigo by’abandi bantu bihanishwa ibihano birimo amande kuva ku 100.000 kugeza 500.000; ku byaha bikomeye, ihazabu ingana na 500.000 kugeza 2.000.000 yuan hamwe no kubuza gutanga serivisi zishinzwe gukurikirana.

Byongeye kandi, ibihano bihabwa abantu bashinzwe inshingano n’abakozi babazwa ibyo bigo, ihazabu ingana kuva ku 10,000 kugeza ku 50.000 ndetse n’imyaka itanu yo kubuza kwishora muri serivisi zishinzwe gukurikirana; kubibazo bikomeye, guhagarika imyaka icumi birakurikizwa. Iyo ibyaha byinshinjabyaha bibaye, hazakurikiranwa uburyozwacyaha, bigatuma ubuzima bwabo bwose bubuzwa kwishora muri serivisi zishinzwe gukurikirana.

03 Uburyo bushya bwo guhanga udushya: Dual-Drive Uburyo bwo Gutanga no Gusuzuma Inguzanyo

Amabwiriza ashyiraho uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura amategeko ashyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amadosiye y’ibindi bigo bikurikirana hamwe na sisitemu yo gusuzuma inguzanyo, ishyiraho urufatiro rw’inzego zo kuzamura ibipimo rusange by’inganda.

Dukurikije ingingo ya 28, abatanga serivise tekinike bakora serivisi zishinzwe gukurikirana bagomba kwiyandikisha mubuyobozi bubishinzwe bw’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, babifitemo ibikoresho, ibikoresho, ubushobozi bwa tekinike, abakozi, n’ubushobozi bwo kuyobora.

Ibigo byiyandikishije bigomba gutanga ibyemezo byanditse. Inzego zibishinzwe zibidukikije n’ibidukikije zibishinzwe zigomba gutangaza ku mugaragaro ibigo byiyandikishije, ibyo byiyemeje, ndetse n’ibikorwa byayo, bigatanga serivisi z’ibibazo byo kwiyandikisha kugira ngo bigenzurwe n’abaturage.

Na none kandi, amabwiriza ategeka ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yo gusuzuma inguzanyo ku bidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kurenga ku mategeko n'amabwiriza byandikwa muri dosiye y'inguzanyo hakurikijwe amategeko kandi bigashyirwa mu ihuriro ry'igihugu ryo kugabana amakuru ku nguzanyo.

Inzego zibishinzwe zibidukikije n’ibidukikije zibishinzwe zizashyira mu bikorwa igenzura ryashyizwe mu byiciro kandi rishyizwe mu byiciro hashingiwe ku gipimo, ubushobozi bwa tekiniki, hamwe n’inguzanyo z’inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana. Ubu buryo bugamije kuyobora ibigo biganisha ku iterambere ryagutse, kuzamura ibipimo byumwuga, no gushimangira isoko.

04 Kugena neza inshingano: ibigo na guverinoma buri wese asohoza inshingano ze

Aya mabwiriza agaragaza neza imipaka iri hagati yo kugenzura ibya Leta no kugenzura imishinga, bityo igasobanura inshingano z’impande zose.

Ibigo n’ibigo bigomba kwikorera ubwabyo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere n’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu musaruro n’ibikorwa byayo hakurikijwe amategeko. Ingingo z'ingenzi zigomba gushyiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura amashusho nkuko biteganijwe, bihuza umuyoboro w'inzego zishinzwe ibidukikije.

Ibigo bigomba gukora buri gihe kubungabunga, gutanga serivisi, no kugenzura buri gihe ibikoresho byo kugenzura kugirango bikore neza. Ibintu byose bidasanzwe mugukurikirana amakuru byikora bigomba kumenyeshwa bidatinze, bigakorwaho iperereza, kandi bigakosorwa.

Ibisabwa kubika inyandiko zumwimerere byibuze byibuze imyaka itanu ishyiraho inzira ndende yo gukurikirana uburyozwe.

Inzego za Leta n’inzego zibishinzwe zigomba gusohoza umwete inshingano zo gukurikirana abaturage, harimo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, kugenzura ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, no gukurikirana ibyihutirwa mu gihe gitunguranye cy’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije.

Aya mabwiriza ateganya cyane cyane kugenzura no kugenzura inkomoko zose z’umwanda, ibisubizo byo kugenzura bikaba ishingiro ryo gutanga ibyifuzo, ibisabwa, cyangwa gufata ibyemezo byo gukemura ibibazo bireba ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo.

Gukurikirana ubugenzuzi ni ishingiro ryingenzi mu kubahiriza ibidukikije n’ibidukikije. Nkuko umwarimu adashobora kwishingikiriza gusa ku kwisuzuma kugirango amenye imikorere yumunyeshuri, kugenzura kugenzura bigize 'ikizamini gifunze-igitabo' ku bigo.

05 Urwego rukomeye rw'amategeko: Guhuza Inshinjabyaha, Ubwenegihugu n'Ubutegetsi

Amabwiriza yerekeye gukurikirana ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, afatanije n’amategeko abigenga, ashyiraho urwego rukomeye rw’amategeko.

Aya mabwiriza ubwayo ateganya uburyozwacyaha bukomeye mu by'amategeko, mu gihe ingingo ya 229 y’ivugururwa ry’amategeko ahana (XI), guhera ku ya 1 Werurwe 2021, iteganya ko abakozi bo mu bigo by’abandi bantu batanga amakuru ku bushake batanga amakuru cyangwa raporo z’ibihimbano babigambiriye, aho bibaye ngombwa, bazahanishwa igifungo cy’agateganyo kitarenze imyaka itanu cyangwa gufungwa by’icyaha, kandi banacibwa amande.

Ibisobanuro ku bibazo byinshi byerekeranye no gukurikiza amategeko mu gukemura ibibazo by’ibyaha byangiza ibidukikije, byatanzwe n’urukiko rw’ikirenga n’ubushinjacyaha bw’ikirenga kandi bitangira gukurikizwa guhera ku ya 15 Kanama 2023, bikomeza kwerekana impamvu zemeza ko umuntu aryozwa icyaha.

Iyo inyungu zitemewe n'amategeko zirenga 300.000, cyangwa iyo umuntu ku giti cye yakatiwe ibihano by’ubuyobozi inshuro ebyiri cyangwa zirenga mu myaka ibiri kubera gutanga amakuru yo gukurikirana cyangwa raporo mpimbano kandi agakora icyaha cya gatatu, bazahanishwa igifungo cy’agateganyo kitarenze imyaka itanu cyangwa gufungwa by’icyaha.

Izi ngingo, zihuza ninshingano zubutegetsi ziteganijwe naya mabwiriza, byongera cyane ikiguzi cyo kugenzura ihohoterwa kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo gukumira abashobora gukora icyaha.

Mu gihe 2026 yegereje, guverinoma mu nzego zose, imishinga ihumanya, hamwe n’abatanga serivisi zigenzura igomba guteganya mbere yo kunoza imikorere y’imicungire no kugenzura imikorere ikurikirana hakurikijwe Amabwiriza.

Gukurikirana ibidukikije ntibikiri ingwe itagira amenyo; kubeshya amakuru yo gukurikirana azahanishwa ibihano bikaze harimo no kubuza ubuzima ubuzima bwose.

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